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Bey Liniliien 1 Dubyi O. untze. E. Sarmon, PLS (Plats 8).
:
rees and their Life ek Percy — ~~
. Helleborine saa a ig em Adans, G. Car Maas
ee ae ae ie eds: nee ‘ar H. =,
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or the S sea aes of new punetvally n the Ist of each mo s7acahintio botany, Since yatcus of e special prominence has from the first pean? given to British d it may safely be said that nothing of primary importance bearing | upon this subject has remained unnotic Bibliographical matters have also received and continue to receive siderable attention, and the history of many obscure publications
utilize its ° g the a : botanical col it became necessary to increase the size of the Jou veg) owi aber of ‘papers sent for publication: the famber same ti augmented. i ie — free) and eS (not later ‘haat! the 24th ¢ should be sent to West, Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, » London. for pubtioation and ‘books rs review to The Editor, 41 Boston Road, Brentford. for 1884 to 1895, bound in cloth, can still be had, price 14s. From = — bound bvhenan 2 can be had at £1 1s. each,
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: Journ.Bot.
Tab.488.
West, Newman imp.
Limonium Dubyi 0 Aunize.
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NOTES ON JLIMONIUM.* By C. E. Saumon, F.L.S. VII.— Livonium Dupsyi O. Kuntze. (Puate 488.)
Tue first reference to this remarkably local plant appears to be in De Cand md s Botanicon Gallicum, i. 388 (1828), where Duby describes it as follows :—S. dichotoma (Cav. Ie. i. p. 37 t. 50), foliis lncoolato spathulatis mucronulatis petiolatis, — teretibus dichotomis ramosis ramis tuberculatis, floribus secundis laxé spicatis spicis paniculatis, bracteis obtusis vonioeis perigonii externi dentibus subacutis. 24 in arenosis maritimis agri Syrtici propé la Teste reperiit cl. Des Moulin The ncn my applies fairly well, but the peer ae with S. dichotoma Cav.—an endemic Spanish species—was erroneous. "ghee eats later the plant was ‘iahdded in Laterrade’s Fl. Bordelatse, ed. 4, 295, with practically the same diagnosis as that given =f Duby. Both Nyman (Conspec
fu. rT. es to discover when t ap : ed. 2 of Laterrade’s 5 werk is dated 1821, cr the theghet was “iscovered : ed. 4 I have already quoted; ed. 3 is not to be found in the libraries at South Kensington, Hew or Linnean ise cg
1850 o
S. Dubyei. The Ne rates age Gouan] par sa panicule és-dre. non divariqués; par ses épillets plus gros, écartés = une Ge ee cmsance et disposés en épis allongés, laches, , non agglomérés au sommet des rameaux ; par sa sa bractée
* See Journ. Bot. 1903, 65; 1904, 361; 1905, 5, 54; 1907, 24, 428. Journat or Borany.—Vot. 46. [Janvary, 1908] B
2 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
inférieure bien plus longue, une fois plus corte que l’interne, lancéolée, aigué; par sa bractée interne membraneuse seulement
bants, diffus, a rameaux bien plus allongés. Hab. Bayonne, la Teste, Vieux-Boncau e ciate seems a very good one for our plant, but ompa of examples of L. Dubyi with those of z hellidifolium I Mae failed to observe in the former the alleged distinguishing characters of wrinkled inner bract membranous only in its upper third and iaiger calyx.
Boissier (/. c.) has preferred to unite L. Dubyt with L. bellidi- folium oe his herbarium it is labelled “S. caspia var. Dubyei ” but Nyman (Conspect. Fl. Europ. 612) kept both as distinct species. Mout 16 odern Floras adopt the latter plan, and it should gered be followed by those who distinguish DL. hwmile and
L. vulgare; indeed, L. Dubyi differs from L. bellidifolium as regards the poe iver of Beier upon the branches almost exactly in a corres n
Coste (FI. ones | ili. i61), poral ee that L. Dubyz is a species
peculiar to the south-west of France. The Index Kewensis men-
f a AG me those of Des Moving who ori ‘ginally discovered the pi t, and sent it to Duby, and also examples collected by Grenier, its chief divergences from L. peace cleus appear to be the elongated diffuse branches; the longer laxer spike with more separated spikelets ; the acute outer bract, which is also hones 2 in proportion to inner, and thus covers more of its herbaceous Liwonium Dupyi O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. ii. 395 (189 b)s Statice dichotome Duby in DC. Bot. Gall. i. 388 (1828); Mutel Fl. Fr. iii. 88 (1836), —~— tab. ; Laterr. Fl. Bord. ed. 4, 295 (1846) ; non Cay. nec S. Dubyei ode. & Gren. #1 Pr. i 750 (1850 S. caspia Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xii. 660 (1848), pro parte (non aliorum Icon.—Coste FI. Fr. iii. 161, f. 3035. zsicc.—Lange Pl. Europ. Aust. 1851-52, 197! Soc. FI. Franco-Helvet. 1898, 887! Dérfler Herb. Norm. 4176! Billot, 446 (ex iar ae tota granulato-scabra, glabra; squame rarissime foli-
tifidi, rar ovata vel “isbsoolak p-dhowata' ; spice typice elongate laxiflore; spicule contigue sed non imbricate, interdum longe separate; bractea exterior 3-1 1. longa ovato-acuta, a bast hyalina; bractea — extertore. * sesquilongior, late et usque ad superiorem ter- am partem hyalina; calyx 13-23 1. longus, lobis albis nunquam
NOTES ON LIMONIUM 3
coloratis, triangulari-acutis, nunquam rotundatis, sepe denticu- latis s-plicatis, dentibus intermediis nullis. Plant 3-15 inches ene not Laury but scabrid-granular, parti- eulany in upper par cape rather stout, very much branched )
spreading, sometimes arias reflexed, very few sterile (some- times there are a great many sterile ‘branches and o nly a few
gul ex submergence. ranchlets subdivided. Scales triangular-acute, the larger ones with Edinittiaks points, about 3 lines long at base of scape to 4 line at summit; very rarely foliaceous. Spikes rather long, sometimes 1-14 inches, usually straight, typically oo flowered. Spikelets 1-3-flowered, aig oe ous but not closely
mbricate and usually laxly placed upon the rachis, agence so much so that there is the length of a sikelee between each, as in L. humile. Outer bract 3-1 line long and airioat. as broad, ovate-acute, apiculate or not, wholly hyaline with faint veins at base. Middle bract 1-14 lines long fae ome gine se bifid or truncate, hyaline with ve Inner bract 14-12 line long, oblong-obovate, broadly ert here " sides and to upper third, about half as long again as outer bract. Bracteoles 1-2, 1-14 lines long, oblong-obovate or ovate, rounded or truncate, hyaline with 1 non-central vein. Calyx 1-24 lines long, irregularly hairy
near triangular-acute, never rounded, white, never coloured, plicate, no intermediate teeth; veins of calyx not running beyond base of lobes. Corolla small, lilac.
Distribution.—South-west coast of France: Gironde! Landes! Basses-Pyrénées (fide Coste, &e.).
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE er A. Limonium Dubyi, portion of plant, natural si.
B. Spikes from another specimen, natural size |. Outer bract of L. belli- difolium. 2. Ditto sien E. prs a 3, 4, 5, and 6. iaae bract, inner bract, bracteole, and calyx of L. Dubyi. All ei nlarged fo
Both specimens — Cap Ferret, Gironde
UGANDA COMBRETACEZ. By A. G. Bacsnawe, M.B., F.L.S. anp E. G. Baxer, F.L.S.
4 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
lished his apa Protectorate, and which now forms part of British East Africa. We have followed Engler & Diels Mono- graph of Ateioki: ‘Licitsbwetivoada (1899) in the arrangement and sequence of species. The paper is largely based on collections made by one of us in 1903-7, now in the National Herbarium. The genus Iiligera, formerly included in the order, but now x in oo aan has been recorded from the shores of the Victoria Nyanza
CoMBRETUM.
CoMBRETUM UMBRICOLUM Engl. Pflanzenwelt Ost.-Afr. C. 280; Engl. & Diels, J. ¢. 23.
Mpanga a River in Toro, alt. 3500 ft., Bagshawe 1059 ; “climber, calyx and corolla white Mouth of Mzizi River, alt 2200 ft., Bagshawe 1330; flowers emery tufts of brown hairs in vein- axils of lower surface of lea
Compared with the sre (Holst 2965, from Usambara).
C. FERRUGINEUM A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 267.
Busoga, Dawe 92.
Leaves ashley broader than in the type (Schimper 767, from Abyssinia). Engler & Diels place this and the next under C. trichanthum Fres.
C. Peririanum A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. 268.
Madi, Speke & Grant
Also closely nee are a plant collected near mouth of Mizizi, Bagshawe 1538, 2300 ft.; and one from West Ankole, Dawe, alt. 5000 ft., n Herb Kew.
C. spLENDENS Engl. Pflanzenwelt, 289; Engler & Diels, 1. . 37.
Near haseaias alt. 4500 ft., Bagshawe 290; Usoga, Scott- Elliot 725
{The et collected by Mr. Dawe in Unyoro (926), and tenta- tively placed near C. wlugurense Engl. & Diels, requires further ee n
i. foie ateeras.m) ankolense, sp. nov. Frutex, ramis cor- tice griseo instructis, ramulis no vellis_ fusco-tomentosis ; ; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolo brevi fusco-tomentoso, lamina papyracea primo supra fusco-pilosa subtus dense lepidota demum nervis fusco-tomentosis, oblonga vel ovato-oblonga basi rotundata apice subacuminata, nervis lateralibus demum subtus conspicuis primariis 8-11 utrinque es adscendentibus, secundariis ee spicis pedunculatis axillaribus floribus tetrameris albis sessilibus ; receptaculo see campaniformi intus siloen: extus
gine hispido; calycis segmentis latiuscule triangularibus ; ; petalis minutis rere ciliatis latioribus quam longis apice emarginatis subobreniformibus marginibus in volutis ; staminibus s' ue differt ae ipoxinn, gr wrayer eee non extus hirto ., eat lepidotis.
UGANDA COMBRETACE 5
“Near Mulema, South Ankole, alt. 4500 ft., Bagshawe 212; shrub be white flowers, in flower April 7th.” Folia 5-6-5 cm. longa, 2-2°5 lata. Foliorum petiolus 2-4 mm.
Levine Spice sepissime 2-4 cm. longe. Receptaculum inferius mm. lon — receptaculum iene 1:5 mm. longum. Petala ‘8 mm. lon
The dis Ghpulshing features of this plant are the shortly ata leaves densely lepidote below, and the tetramerous white flowers with minute obreniform ciliate petals.
0. Pace is Engl. & Diels, /. c. 40.
tebbe—Hoima Road, Bagshawe 808.
Biplane 184, = isles Kikobe Ferry, R. Kagera, may be allied, but is not in er.
C. poputirotium Engl. & Diels, /. c. 54.
Unyoro, Dawe 928; Busoga, EH. Brown 287; Valley of River Kafu, Banehas ve 820.
The type comes from Djurland, Schweinfurth 1374.
C. ELHAGNIFOLIUM Planch. in Append.. Speke Journ. Dise. Nile, 634.
Madi, Speke € Grant 734-5.
Engler & Diels place this species as a synonym of C. collinum Fres., and it is the C. collinum of Mr. C. H. Wright’s Uganda List (Uganda. } Decnaborsts: pp. 329-351). It is very closely allied to the prece
[C. renculdiale Fres. — C. glutinosum Guill. & Perr. were
ecorded by Oliver (Trans. Linn. Soe. xxix. 71) from (Grant), but the riintoriad 4 is “not satisfactory for certain determi- nation. |
C. (CONNIVENTES) Unyorense, sp. no Frutex scandens, ramis adultis cortice cineriis glabris, ramis Meee: Langer: Sco-
racea nervis lateralibus subtus Se entilld 5-7 im adscen-
dentibus secu rios transverse conjungentibus foliis
icigeris decrescentibus ; spicis fasciculatim a oe ensifloris la
um omnino adnatum glabrum ferrugineo-piloso; calycis se late t b acuminatis ; petalis sessilibus hin siliiow.
us margine ciliatis basi éordatis ; fructu 5-ptero ambi orbiculari basi truncato apice leviter uam corpore multo latioribus pedicellis brevibus. Species ad C. abbreviatum Engl. . er fil. accedens. ae differt floribus tameris, rece taculo superiore ue longiori, foliis latingiba «ieee : | mat iieeke aka 2m Ab hoe foliis
uminatis.
spicigeris latioribus et apice non acumina Ab C. conferto Laws. floribus minoribus, foliis minoribus et receptaculo extus
6 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Near Hoima, Unyoro, alt. 3500 ft., Bagshawe 1462. “ A climber with asec mit and cream-coloun silky fruits.” attingens vel altior. Folia 5-7 cm. longa, 3-5 cm lata ; folia <ontaan minora + 2 cm. longa; foliorum petiolus - 15 cm. longus. Receptaculum inferius + 4 mm. longum; receptaculum superius + 6 mm. oa Petala + 3 mm. longa, + 2:5 mm. lata. Fructus 2°2-2°5 cm. long. et 2: 15-3 0 cm. lat. Pedicelli fructiferi + 3 mm. longi. The a an features of this plant are the almost gla- brous adult leaves with a moderately wre petiole and the dense illa. mes of pentamerous flowers with scarlet ovate-orbi- cular sessile petals. The smaller ates subtending the flowers are obtuse at the apex. e following plants apparently differ from our type but are closely allied to it: River Mpanga, Kitakwenda, Bagshawe 1053, with flowers sometimes tetramerous, sometimes shgeinalarg and — fruit-stalks; Bagshawe 811, Singo, Valley of Kit-
oe Allied plants in’ Herb. Kew. are Dawe 463 (Toro), alt. 5000 ft., and 96 (banks of Nile, Busoga); (near Kampala) also A. Whyte.
C. suvumense Baker fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. 152 (1905).
Island of Buvuma, Victoria Nyanza, Bagshawe 624
C. CAPITULIFLORUM Fenzl ex seit iat, in Reliq. Kotschy- ane, 33; Engl. & Diels, J. c. 78, t g.
Madi, Sree & Grant 717 ; Waki tee Unyoro, alt. 2200 ft., Bagshawe 1431
plants quoted agree well together; they differ pea
Sotschy ig the type, in having a much less branched in florescen
C. RaAceMosuM Pal. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. 90, t. 118 (1818); Engl. & Diels, l. c. 82.
Lake Nyabukere, snes Doggett, alt. 5000 ft.; Semliki Apeeah Dawe opine valley of River Kitumbwi, Bagshawe 810; Tor
“Twiner, with red flowers; leaves below the inflorescence, 7. e. all on the short flower-bearing branches are mauve. The leaf which subtends — _flower-bearing branch is green or green speckled with w
The Uganda cal differs from type in having rather broader petals, and the leaves of the inflorescence tending to be blunter at apex.
C. CINEREOPETALUM Engl. & Diels, l. c. 84, t. xxiii. fig. E.
Entebbe, Bagshawe 756. A climber with red Pai Fruit + 2-2-3 em. long and 1 ‘6-2 em. broad, purplish.
C. nisprpum Lawson in Oliver Flor. Trop. Afr. ii.421; Engl. &
Diels, J. c. 89. Masinde, Unyoro, alt. 3000 ft., Bagshawe 874. Hast Toro, alt. 4500 ft., Bagshawe 1104 ; ne almost white on outer, pink
UGANDA COMBRETACEX T
on inner surface. Entebbe, Bagshawe 786; scrambling shrub with reddish-pink petals; a plant with poorly developed inflorescence ; has some tetramerous :
C. ACULEATUM Vent. “Choix de Plant, 58, in adnot.; Engl. & Diels, 1. ¢
Nile Provities, Dawe 931; near Gondokoro, Sir S. Baker 3.
TERMINALIA.
TERMINALIA MACROPTERA Guill. & Pers. Fl. Seneg. Tent. i. 276, t. 63; Engl. & Diels, /.c. 11, t. IT. fig. a Acholi, Dawe 857. T. Dawet Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soe. xxxvii. 516 (1906). Acholi, Dawe 865. > small tree. T. veLuTina Rolfe, Busoga, H. Br — "960, ‘and Unyoro, Dawe 697 ; valley of River Kafu, Bagshawe T. SPEKEI sis Fae Madi, ome 643 ; Acholi, Dawe 858. u Fres. var. nov. ALBERTENSIS. Arbor ramis cinereis adultiosibas glabris, ramulis apice dense foliatis; foliorum iocri, lamina papyracea obovata vel oblongo-obovata, Pa duinslibas nervis lateralibus subtus prominentibus; spicis axillari quam foliis spissime longioribus; floribus albis quam iis pire perspicue minoribus; staminibus minoribus; fructu ad basin longiuscule cuneato mliki Valley, alt. 2300, erg eectg 1291, in fr., Nov. 7th; mouth of Mizizi River on face of Lake Albert diate 2300— 3000 ft., Bagshawe 1319, in fl., Dec. 2nd; Semliki Valley, 34.
Arbor 10-12 m. alt. Folia adulta 8-10°5 cm. longa, 5-6°5 cm. lata. Receptaculum inferius 3-5-4 mm. longum, superius 1°5 mm. longum. Stamina 3 mm. Be 8 Stylus 3 mm. longus. Fructus 3-5-4 cm. longus, 2—2-
The fruits of this abut ‘variety are manifestly more cuneate at the base than those figured by Fresenius (Mus. Senck. i. 152), and the flowers distinctly smaller.
This tree yields “eseta,” a powder which is burnt as incense
nch n’
the native markets in the neighbourhood; it smoulders on ignition, burning with a fragrant sme
ANoGEIssUs LEIOcARPUS Guill. & Perr. Tent. Fl. Seneg. i. 280, t. 65; Engl. & Diels, J. c. 31.
Bari , Grant, Speke, & Dawe 896.
8 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
HELLEBORINE Hiww v. HPIPACTIS Apays. By G. CuarmcGe Druce, M.A., F.L.S.
In reviewing The Dillenian Herbaria, the Editor (Journ. Bot.
p- 282, 1907) demurred to my use of the generic name Helleborine instead of the generally accepted Hpipactis. I first suggested _the name in Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905, p. 48, because during my work I became saturated with pre-Linnean names, and became
ss that Adanson’s generic name Epipactis must give way to that of Helleborine, as established by Hill and “anderstood by R
Hill, who liv at Getam in that county; and in going through his BB oe etable berg his ar Ae utes and especially
diate Nee per ai if any references to iin ee to be found in Hudson’s Flora Anglica, Smith’s Flora Britannica, The En nglish Flora, or even in Withering’s Natural Arrangement. Until quite nd acter tg his Herbal was considered to be pre-Lin e
y, 1904 oe latter placed in the unsatisfactory list of nomina rejicienda f the Vienna Congress, and attach Hill’s name to several genera until then wrongly attributed to more recent workers Hill naturally belonged to the ein Me ae and in many cases resented th era
his scientific insight i in many ee lye refusing to 0 accept the views held by Linneeus, and often succeeded in proving those definitions to be erroneous. I may instance Valerianella, which Linneus had pete ee with the distinet genus Valeriana ; Li amonium, which us had wrongly put in Statice ; Linaria, included by Linnzus in in dntirrhaname; and Mellotus, put with Trifolium. correctly separated Mariana from Carduus, Centaurium from Gentiana, Glamis from Papaver, Polygonatum from Convallaria, Radiola from Linum, Nymphoides trom Menyanthes, Onobrychis
HELLEBORINE HILL V. EPIPACTIS ADANS. 9
from Hedysarum, Feniculum from Anethum, Petasites from Tusst- lago, Oxyria from Rumex, Damasonium from Alisma, Phyllitis
Vaccinium, Pnewmaria from Pulmonaria, Cammarum from Helle- borus, Radicula from ‘Sioynbrivm, Lens from Ervum, and, as we shall see, Helleborine from Sera
out any cup, and is —— of five petals; and there is print within a nectarium, of a form, hollowed at the base and divided at the top into ikebe arts, the middle one of which is heart-fashioned. The leaves are eg: and nervous, and the root is composed of interwoven fibre It will be Sotinéd that the last sentence definitely excludes the species of Serapias, described
Linnzus in the Species Plantarum as S. Lingua ; it is practi-
calls e have thus in Hill’s description a proper definition of the genus as understood by Tournefort; the six species he describes consist
only of Helleborine and the plants subsequently soparstod oat the name Cephalanthera ny. Richar d. Of the six species des by Hill, five are cited from aber Bauhin, and one = (Cophalethors longifolia from mee 8 a y be w
long des ‘tiges: fleurs asta t épi; calice fe striée de nervures en dedans ; one e médiocre ; 5p plates, ailées.”
the synonyms, a rst does cite Serapias Diosk., and he does not include the genus Serapias ee his six genera of Orchidacezx— Vanilla, Calceolus, Ophrys, Neottia, Orchis, and Satyrium. His Epipactis i is, indeed, rather a rubbish-heap than a properly formu-
* The yee given under No. 6, ‘‘ woods in northern counties,” efe: . ee vaiee: which is Bauhin’s ies, and he has probably sonttined it wi hg ease rine a ee Hudson (Flora Anglica) fell rror. Ht follows Dillenius in referring ‘‘ Helleborine latifolia flore albo clauso’’ to C. gtendifiors 8. F. Grap, and not to C. ensifolia, as I at one time thought; see Journ. Bot. 1907, p. Adanson’s genera are ‘often inadequ oul diagnosed, but By is not
- ) - pactis Diosk. Mor. s. 12, t. 11, f. 15 [Cypri pedium] Catesb. i. t. 58 [. : ae tee "Wicca: Dien tenon ;. 249. Mart. Cent. t. , Orechis, C. B. Prod. 29. “col. Rep $28, Serapas Diosk. Borion Diosk. Emboline Pin. Limodorum L. (i. ¢. the French
10 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
lated Spa - certainly includes both Serapias and Helleborine, in addition to many other — and his synonymy shows that it Siired: j seer Si and Pogon It may, however, eased zeae Epipactis, as established y Crantz, is av e. This author (Starpes Austriacum, fase. vi. 456, 1769) writes “ Epipactis Haller,” giving also synonyms— “ Ophrys, Nidusavis, Helleborine Tourn. aliorum: Ophrys, Sera- pias, Neottia, Herminiwm Linn.” He continues: ‘“ Capsule Soa ra duze sibi vicine in glande articulata scapo staminifero But this definition is useless to separate Serapias from Halsborés: indeed, as the synonyms quoted show, it is meant to cover both. The original E'pipactis of Haller was founded on a single species, i.e. Goodyera, although it would appear that he subsequently lost grip of its characters, and added to that genus plants he formerly more correctly put in Helleborine; but, in any case, Haller’s Hpzpactis is pre-Linnean. In fact, t, Crantz’s genus Epipactis is scarcely less inchoate than that of Adanson, in- cluding as it does no fewer than eight genera. The pu — in 1805, by Willdenow, of his edition of the Species Plantarwi in which he followed Swartz z (Act. Holm. 231, 1805) in using the name Epipactis to komen Helleborine, Cephalanthera, Instera, Neottia, ate _led Brown (Aiton Hort. Kew 201, 3), (Nat. Arr 212, 1821), and Smith (British Flora, iv. p. 40, 1828) to nie that name, which in Britain has been in general use since that t It being Gy pie a that Hill’s genus Helleborime must super- sede Epipactis Adans., the British species will stand as follows :— H. LATIFOLIA oboe: in Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905, 48, and Dill. pop t 15 (1907) = HE. latifolia All. Fl. Pedem. ii. 152
Var. mg Dru = — atroviridis W. R. Linton FI. Derbysh. 270 cum ic. fe. (190
H. mepra Druce Ul. c. = E. ne Ties Mant. ii. 54 (1839).
H. VIOLACEA Druce li. c wiolacea Boreau FI. Centre ii. 651
H. ATRORUBENS Druce = E. atrorubens J. A. Schultes Fl. Osterr. ed. 2, i. 38 (1814). H. may Rendle & Britten in Journ. Bot. 1907, 441 = E. longifolia BR. & B. List of Seed-plants 29 (1907) (BE. palus- tris Crantz Stirp. Austr. 462 (1769); H. palustris Schrank Fl. Monae. ii. 190 (1814). See Journ. Bot. 1907, 105, os [While entirely in accordance with Mr. Druce in the adoptio of Helleborine Hill (see Journ. Bot. 1907, 441) we are ie a the opinion (expressed op. cit. 283) that Hill intended to restore the e q
ee Journ. Bor.
11
CRITICAL STUDY or RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. var. y. By Freperic N. WriixiaMs, F.L.S.
Tue Batrachian Ranunculi, grouped together as a section of Ranunculus by De Candolle in Syst. Nat. i. 233 (1818), were raised to the ee of a genus by S. F. Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 720 (1821), but were still further reduced in grade to a subsection of the section Marsypadeniuwm by Prantl in Engler’s Jahrbuch, ix. 266 (1887); which subordinate position, from the unsatisfactory nature of their defined specific characters, better befits the we ar
ending a much desired mono. h of Ranunculus, the Batra chian group has stimoli the critical hae of many botanista, whose opinions have varied as much as the deviations from the type in the more Myra distributed (gacak: Several of the so-called species (as defined) appear to merge into each other;
waters, in running streams, in shallow st the ge margins of lakes, in muddy ponds, ditches, the wet mud of river-banks, in marginal reaches, and quarry holes, their a variability, especially in leaf-form, is remarkable. the characters attri- buted to the species and their eabereinale forms, too much attention has been given to inconstant characters, of which some are variable, others valueless, and ose deceptive ; such especi- ally as the tapering of the cle, the relative length of petals, stamens, and styles, the contiguity or otherwise of the petals, the
um stamens, the forms of the Zi pg tain poe and un- fertilized pistils, and especially upon the presence or absence of Ss leaves. Ina group of plants so sonnikiees to the modify-
ing influence due to the varying sondlieos of their immediate environment, especially in so far affects their vegetative
it i aps to
species aaa t the same time serve to elucidate the natural affinities baiveen the different members of the group which their reticular bond of union so effectually obscures. With the character of the meth may also be associated that of the receptacle to which they are laterally attached, whether ome or ovate-conical in form,
an forms under these two genera. Unless the sage affinities are clearly marked off from intra-specific variation by characters — more definite than those of leaf-modification, which are mainly if not entirely due to the chemical composition, temperature, depth, tahiegrse of the water in which they grow, the study of the
orms of the water crowfoots will render the attempts $5 ites Fok mn salinlaetolley as nugatory and ineffectual as in the
72 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
case of the brambles and hawkweeds. Godron, in Fl. de France, (1847), pointed out the characters derived from the
structure of the receptacle and pistils for the — bie grouping of species; and t . late Mr. O. Gelert, in Hotaniel Tidsskrift, xix. p. 7 (1894), indicated the sronerees of the stigma and the form ot the papille as a constant character. The classical memoir on a oe Eeinenlh in this Journal (vol. ix. 1871), by Mr. W. P rn, forms a comprehensive basis for all future work on the act
Following the raabbind: adopted by Mr. Hiern, it will be con- venient here to ga a nghengt ope list of specific names which have been applied to a part or the whole of what is included b Linneus in Ranunculus quale var. y—(1) as under Ranunculus and (2) under Batrachiwm.
RANUNCULUS.
1753 aquatilis var. y L. Sp. Plant. 556. 1782 feniculaceus Gilibert FI. Tithoanise iv. 261, n. 177. 1786 trichophyllus Chaix in ~~ Hist. Pl. Densphiiss i. 335. 1789 capillaris Gaterau Pl. e t. Montauban, 102—* var. dont
toutes les feuilles ant capil 1789 divaricatus Schrank Baiersche Wicrss: ii. 104, n. 859. 1792 feniculaceus Gilibert Bxercitia a, eae i. 370. 1795 accidus Pers. in Usteri, Ann. d. Botanik, xiv. 39. 1799 cespitosus Thuill. Fl. e nv. Paris, ed. 2, 279. 1799 capillaceus Thuill. Fl. env. Paris, ed. 2, 278. 1803 ronal Dubois Meth. Pl. env. Orleans, 454. 1804 milus Poiret Encycl. Meth. vi. 133.
spiae tbrotaniolin Pers. Syn. Plant. ii. 106, in syn. Bauhin sch in Flora, xvii. 1. 526.
pichstoniaen Tausch i in Flora, xvii. m. 525.
trichophyllus Godr. in Gren. et Godr. Fl. de France, i.
hed 3% pe S RP RH A ee bia cuey geese bo So fo : i a 7 baste. ; it
23 (Nov.).
1847. oor). Godr. in Gren. et Godr. Fl. de France, i. 24
ov
1848 Riontt Lagg. in ear. xxxi. 1. 49 (Jan.).
1856 spherospermus Boiss. et Blanche in Boiss. Diagn. Pl. nov. or. ser. Il. v. 6.
1859 lutulentus Song. et Perr. in Not. PL Savoie, et in Billot Annot. Pl. France, 181 (1859
1860 veioishie Briigg. ‘in Zeitschr. Ferdinand. Tirol, m1. ix.
1869 ste enopeta talus Syme in Rep. Bot. Exch. Club, 1869, 7.
1871
_ hydrocharis a 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, Hiern in Journ. ete = 103 (cespitosus, trichophyllus, Rioni, onfervoides, Drouetit, spherospermus). 1876. R. rchoplides Humniekt Cat. Pl. Luxeuil, dept. Haute- : Sad
.
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 13 1879. R. ci Rion ex Wolf. in Bull. Soe. Murith. vii-
1881. R. cibiillaté nad Touvet Ess. Pl. Dauphiné, 18. 1893. R. dolichopodus A. Kerner ap. Freyn in Zeitschr. Ferdinand. Tirol, 35 heft, 266.
BATRACHIUM.
1821. B. pantothrix 8, F. Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 722. 23 capillaceum Bercht. & Presl sete ii. Ranuncul. 49. 3, 114.
ae 1843. B. eradicatum Leestad. in Bot. Not. 1845. B. confervoides Fries in Bot. Not. 1845, 121. 1850. B. Lai kt Van den Bossche Prodr. fl. Bat. 7. 1852. B. Drowetit Nyman in Bot. Not. 1852, 98. 1859. B. ‘sate Nyl. & Seellan Herb. Mus. Fennici, 35. 1865. B. lutulentum Nyman Syll. Pl. Eur. suppl. 29. 1866. B. divaricatum Schur Enum. PI. Transsilv. 12; non Wim- mer (1841). 1869. B. erie Rupr. ie Caucasi, 15. 1877. B. minimum Schur in Verh. Naturf. Ver. Brinn, xv. 11. 28.
1878. B. caetbaiin Nein Consp. fl. Eur. 15; non 8. ¥. ‘Guat 1821
1878. B. pectinatum Nyman Consp. fi. Eur. 1878. B. Rionit Nyman Consp. fl. Eur. 15; non Nyman Syll. Pl. Kur. 174 (1854). 1889. B. pienifirees Nyman Consp. fi. Eur. suppl. ii. 10 (sub n. 6).
There seems to be now no doubt that R. aquatilis L. var.. with due regard to the subsequent synonymy, comprehends h in English floras are found under the names of
ue Foeniculum ua icum ium,” e sr anes 0 é “ganz gut”; and which without doubt represents the oes mentioned in French floras as “ &. Drouetit,
many English and» ® fact which is also borne out by the description whieh accom-
14 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
panies this figure. It is only by a misconstruction of the word ” by which Schrank defines the form of the leaves,
to apply the specific name of divaricatus to the plant known in all English floras as Rf. sireneats Sibth. (1794). Even Mr. G. C Druce follows the continental lead in his Fl. Berkshire, p. 8, where he says :—‘ In adopting the commie name divaricatus (for Sib- rene s species], which was proposed for the plant in 1789, and
which has been adopted by Ascherson (Fl. Prdndenbuny): Grenier and Godron (Fl. de France), Koch (Syn. Fl. Germ.), and many
fe Fl, de France, i. 70 (l 893), ts mae keya the well-known Rf. cir- cinatus Sibth., and they were followed by Halicsy in “Cons.
R. circinatus. The application of Gilibert’s name to any one species of the Batrachian group is, however, uncertain and in no
-vanaheaetan breviora, et flos m The ‘“ entis”’ referre to is named “ R. as an the deooriptién given is that = R. fluitans. Since this vague diagnosis wi apply oie
R. cirea is is not justified in taking up the name to the exclusion of a ie of certain and definite i MithAion. For much the same pare it is not wise to take up the name of R. trichophyllus for any of the three plants last mentioned.
In the first volume of Villars’s Histoire des Plantes de Dau- hiné, among the lists of Chaix’s ‘‘ herborisations’’ occurs the cabalisti cally nic po try, “ Ranunculus trichophyllus (mihi)
Hall. 1162,” without a single word of discriminating characters This by no means lucid reference may be ex ded into Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetia, ii. p. 69, n. 1162. Though Haller distinguishes a var. a and var. 6 , and gives many synonyms,
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 15
eect indicates the plant which was subsequently described by nder the name of Ranunculus divaricatus, there would ‘eon been no obscurity about Ch aix’s meaning. As it ~_ Chaix’s
name passed out of notice until it was revived by Grenier and Godron in the first volume of their Fl. de France (1848), where also unfortunately they misapplied Schrank’s name of R. divari-
to R. circinatus Sibth., two species founded on tirely
her Plukenor s Tigi shows. A. aquatilis L. var. y is, without any doubt, R. divaricatus Schrank, as proved by Linnzeus’ s citation from Haller’s earlier work. There would, in fact, be more reason in keeping up Ff. feniculaceus than there would be in arbitrarily defining the exact application of R. trichophyllus Chaix, which is no more than a nomen nudum. The former was at least recog- nized to the extent of being reduced to a variety as R. aquatilis K.
var. feniculaceus by . Hagen in a memoir “ De Ranunculis prussicis,” pri by Ludwig in his Delect: Opusc. Scient. Nat p- 4 ). I entirely agree with Freyn, r “ Zur
vi. 1881, beil. n. 26, p. 1, and with Blytt, in his Haandb. Norges Flora, p. 350 (1904), two most competent authorities in critical investigation, who, ees R. trichophyllus Chaix as practically a nomen . a , decline to recognize it as ranking for priority,
Gaterau is aes Bede the whole of the Linnean aquatilis (0, B, y, 2); BR. aquaticus Lamk. Fl. Frange. iii. 184 excludes
ar. 6, and aw 8 exactly aiiaslttoes R. aquatilis W. Sp. Plant. ii "1339 Ge
h ormig, a ,
Salisburg. 145 (1792), this is rendered into Latin; ‘Caule natante; foliis 8 compositis, orbiculatis ; laciniis s capillaribus, divergentibus. “3 Then | eee
than unite en as Linnzus has ese as science gains
ra R. flaccid » Pers, Mr. Hiern, in Journ. Bot. 1871, p. 102, has evidently tok made this pecgntinate form sufficiently ineltieive;
16 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Under this name RP. divaricatus was issued in Herb. Fl. Rossice, mk
tilts var. a, and var. Pie Ww ie dae 1 obvio Brite ae gE circinatus. Persoon defines his R. flacci ideas, “fol petiolatis omnibus i incisis capillaceis, = divaricatis flaccidis (in aquis stagnantibus).” This is somewhat vague, and may elude more than divaricatus Schrank, as Tear s var. 8 evidently corresponds with the var. y of aquatilis L. — only other author who takes up the name is C. A. Meyer, Verz. Pflanz. doct. Kolenati in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich, lief. vi. i be (1849). The ucminiin corresponds with that of R. divaricatus Schrank; and Meyer distinguishes the ctrcinatus (or, as he calls it, ‘ B. divaricatus Koch’’) by the following characters: “Facile distinguitur foliis et illorum segmentis primariis petiolatis, laciniis undique divergentibus qui- de ed mollibus flaccidis et extra aquam collabentibus uni- lateralibus (non, ut in illo, rigidis divaricatis et circa caulem verticillatis).” f. capillaceus Thuill. seems to include > wa tricho- phyllus, a yen deal of sobuuiiien and part of fluct fi. atus Dubois is co-extensive with the Anal but some- what more vague. It probably, coincides with BR. a : Bertol. FL ikea, v. 577 (Jul. 1844—as stated “ Finita est” o the fly-leaf at the end of the isin not 1842 as suas given on the title-page and copied by all authors); which is ame more restricted in its application than the original f. pantothrie Brotero (1804). is a reas of Dubois’s Flora is a scarce book; there is not a t Herb. Mus. Brit. or at Herb. Kew. In the second i (1833) the brief description 3 is under n. 1030. ft. pumilus Poiret is the land- or mud-form of R. ae or of fluitans ; but of which it is somewhat doubtful. Mr. Hie places it as a synonym of en ante the subterrestrial form of divaricatus (but without comment). Godron, in Fl. de France, i. 26, reduces it to RB. fluitans var. cubes ris. It was a plant idee: on the se of ponds at ir oa rade of which Bose sent specimens to Poiret. The description certainly seems to fit _the — of a leafy stem of the latter in Cosson & St. Pierre’s Atl. jl. Paris, ed. 2, t. ii. fig. 2 (1882). I do not know of any The Latin di i
authentic a of Poiret! s plant. Latin diagnosis is slaber, foliis tis, pinnis petiolatis; foliolis
us; seminibus transve(rse] striatis, caule sub-
oo er description (in — he = that all the leaves are sett, prevents Som ged ve pinnules oi oapilae petioles, com-
pet of sex oa. mel leaflets ; the earpels are few, spherical
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 17
or capa oblong, obtuse, and very glabrous, forming a very sma
R. Paulas Tausch. ‘‘Caule repente cespititio, foliis omnibus emersis petiolatis vaginantibus decompositis linearibus, carpellis minutis glabris in spicam oblongam dispositis.” fe is the plant figured in Jean Bauhin, Hist. Plant. iii. 781, f. 2 (1651); as may be noted, the wavy lines loneoouaiite water are not seen in the woodcut, showing that it is the Jand-form that is represented, as Tausch also says “ foliis emersis.’
R. minutus Déll. Subsequently in the author’s later Fl. d. Baden, p. 1337 (1862), he reduced y to R. Be thee var. succulentus Koch, giving as a synonym R. cespitosus Thuill. It therefore does not differ from the plants depended by the two previous names.
ospermus Boiss. et Blanche. JBoissier says that differs from KR. trichophyllus and R. Drouetii in the short mid leaf-segments, the very small petals, and the subglobose carpels. . stenopetalus site is an aggregate co-ordinate which in- cludes also part of diversifolius
Of the names under Feitpnihiwn little need be said. B. panto- thriz §. F. Gray is used in a much more restricted sense than R. eeeepeta Erntaké, and corresponds almost some with the Linnean He says that it is a mild herb “ used for feeding cattle”; ny “abet i have not seen this s strange use for the ahi men- tioned by any other author.
B. capillacewm Bercht. & Presl. The description is in Czech; so I cannot make 7 yy: out of it.
B. admixtum Nyl. & Saellan. “Affine B. gone eee — Folia longius petiolata anguste repetite 2-3-fida to b linearia duploque latiora. Achenia glabra, spiculo are vali brevis 2 From the characters I do not see in what way this plant differs from R. divaricatus var. eradicatus, which is an earlier nam (1842) than confervoides (1845). ‘Folia longius petiolata”’ is sep sat “cee as a differential character. It occurred with
confervoides in the Limingo district of Finnland.
The sedis of the two species treated in the present paper in- clude those which occur on the Eurasian Continent, So far as I c ertain, R. trichophyllus, as here circumscribed, does gee occur in any of its forms beyond the limits =3 futons. On the other wis R. divaricatus is a species of world-wide distribution and subject to greater variatio n within the limits of the species ; which is found not only eheWoghout temperate regions but at isotheral levels in Tropical Africa. In the list of forms of these two species given below, the forms that may occur in Africa, Australia, and the New World are not = sd way dealt with, nor
critical
have I y examined any specime It was only on the publication of the first part of the first volume of Grenier & Godron’s Fl. de France in November, 1847
Journat or Borany.—Von. 46. [JANvaRY, 1908.) c
18 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
has been proposed for one or vues - them, but Tausch’s descrip- tion (1834) is too vague: “ Bat um ; caule abbreviato natante, foliis omnibus immersis petiolatis capillaceo-multifidis, floribus
is sub-12-andris oligocarpis, carpellis hispidulis obtusis.” Of the two it rather applies to R. divaricatus.
Segregatory pms of the plants here comprised under fi. aquatilis L. v I. R. Divaricatus he (1789). 1. CoMMUNIS. lusus MACRANTHUS. Var. 2. ERADICATUS = FR. aquatilis var. eradicatus Leestad. 1842).
lusus ee ig ae FURCATU Var. 3. Rion = R. Rionéi Lagger (1 Var. 4. ainsi 1= f. Ase mith pear Fe ore Var. 5. SPHEROSPERMUS = Ft. spherospermus Boiss. et Blanche (1856). Var. 6. caBomBomDEs = FR. hydrocharis var. cabomboides W. P. Hiern (187 Var. 7, TERRESTER = R. Drouetii f. terrestris G. C. Druce (1897).
II. R. rrichorHytuvus Godron (1847). Var. 1, CoMMUNIS. forma TYPICA. forma FILICAULIS Rouy et Fouc. (1893). forma poLicnopopa = RF. dolichopodus A. Kerner (1893).
forma NUTANS. forma CARNOSA = a confervoides var. car- m J. M. Norman (1893). forma NANA ee ats (1904). Var. 2. oe tom a oh forma CREBRIOR.
forma Gacenk: J
I.—Ranvuncvunvus prvarrcatus Schrank. i The history of this noes from 1539 to 1739 is a in’ the following list of names of the plant, verified by comparison « 3 the text and figures in the authors cited :— ~~ Kreut, Bock (afterwards Tragus) Kreutterbuch, ii. ch. 43, XXXli oo 1539), reprinted as Kreuter B uch (Strass- ae. agus (formerly Bock), Latin edition by D. Kyber, _ ibe ii. a ign ora p. 687 i 1552). : Hous ig us chamemeli foliis, Gesner Tab. Collect. 104 (st g
1553). 4 Steak: aquaticum quoddam, a lc. p. 90b. ¥
bat
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS lL. VAR. Y 19
Ranunculus tertius, Gesner Hort. Germ. p. 275 (Kéln, 1561).
Alga palustris et fluviatilis, Gesner Stirp. Collect. (Ziirich, 1587).
Millefolium maratriphyllon tertium, flore et semine Ranunculi ony Hepatic facie, Lobel Icones, 791 (1581); Johnson
Ranunculus aquatilis alter, Cesalpini De Plantis, lxiv. ¢. 2 (1583). Foeniculum aquaticum tertium, Tabernemontanus, Kriiuterbuch, p. 71 (1588); it is on the ‘figure of this plant, which very clearly represents the water-fennel, that R. divaricatus is
ounde Millefolium pn flore albo, Clustus Rar. Plant. Hist. ose nunculus aquaticus foeniculaceus trichophyllus, Fabio C. Eephrasis, t. a p- 316 (1616); a most expressive name an a the bes ost characteristic figure of the plant in pre-
Linnean Millefolium aquaticum, foliis or my ranunculi flore et capitulo, Bauhin Pinax, lib. iv. sect. 3, n. vi. p. 141 (1623).
oe _— eapillaceus, Banhin, - ¢. lib. v. sect. 3, n p. Hist. Univ. ii. p. 442, s. 4, t. “99 f. 38 (1680); Y Towrsafen. Tastit. Herb. ‘291 (1700
Ranunculus Bee omnino tenuifolius, J. Bauhin Hist. Plant. - - 781, f. 2 (1651); Ray Hist. Plant. p. 586 (1686) ; Syn.
Cae ‘Brit. p. 249 (ed. 2, 1696).
Fine wasn Crowfoot, Petiver Herb. Brit Cat. t. 39, £. 2 alge
Ranunculus aquaticus albus foeniculi folio, Barrelier PL. His sp. Gall Ttal. Obace i . 57, t. 566 (1714
Ranunculoides tenieulo folio breviore, Vaillant in Bot. Paris, 1727, p. 170.
The earliest reference to our plant is that of Bock in 1539, where he says: “ Im wasser findt man vilerley Sam Kreutter wach- sen etlichs ist gantz ee mit wilen gewerblin, darumb wiirt es lang wie das Weg In Kyber’s Latin edition of 1552, which is a book nearly aa sis as the German editio eageoe the plant is called “Alga prima,” and is described i ese words: ‘Primum genus nostre Algx, herba est geniculata o preslongs: Deatinmo tes vulgo vocate non absimilis, foliis admodum incisis. Hec Junio mense elegantissimos, candidos, herb Fragariz similes flores profert, quibus decedentibus ga ipa echin a nstar Ranunculi succedunt. Herba est viridis, et que aqui Boantitiua gaudeat.” The character which suggests that the aoe selongs here rather than to R. gee ee “capitula rotunda, echinata,” as in the latter species the fruiting-spike of pistils is rather oblong and glabrous; but the fine distnstions of ours Species can scarcely be gauged with precision in the earliest scriptions not supplemented with a figure. e description lager follows was drawn up mainly from - y ats seen growing in the Lower Brent district of Mi (s. ‘ween Greenford and Pesele on a detached patch of alluvial nit« wasGunded y the London clay, coloured winthe map prop tmen and ie Fl. of Middlesea. Several Hiseariptions of Jo. c2 :
*
20 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
the species, and the examination of many plants from other localities, were also laid under contribution (all generic characters being os ated).
Ran uhOS, n. 859 (1789) et Prim. Flor. a rg. p. 145, 527 7 (A793); Ménch Meth. Plant. p. 214 (1794) ; non Koch in Siri Deutschl. Fl. heft 67 (1835), nec Ledeb. FL se ar i. p. 28 (1842), nec Gren. et Godr. Fl. de France, i. p. 25 (1847), nec plurium aliorum.
Aquatilis, ac simul omnino Aer Sstese (vel casu ad erat siccanea terrester), gracilis, cee 2-4 Caulis basi et ad nodos inferiores radicans, fibris ce teaiiete albis, fatiieroas elongatus
t striati, glabri vel hispiduli, 2}~3}-vel 4 ctim.; fructiferi i graciles longius incrementum capientes, crassitie rece ptaculi, basi recurvi canon subrecti. Flores 9 mm. in diam. et minores, stellati, proterandri. Sepala primum patentia demum reflexa, ¢ iptica concava glabra, viridia sed maculis sape atro-violaceis picta, marginulo albentia. Petala alba, ungue ooh oblongo-cuneata, non contigua, calycem vix superantia, basi fovea flava nectarifera rotundata nuda instructa, angusta, in unguem inferne non con- tracta, striolata, venis approximatis 5-7; mox caduca. Stamina 5-10 (vel interdum 12), pistilla plerdngus superantia. Spica ——— glo Receptaculum valde hispidum, ee pea
na carinata, apice rotundato-inflata, sed secus oram sublongiorent superiorem planiuscula, transverse corrugata et demum magis rugosa, rugis 7-9; stylus brevis exilis, fere ad extremitatem pistilli diametri longi in insertus, hine subcentralis, stigmate oblongo-ovato pupil a orgae longis cylindricis instructo. Hab.— -wide in its distribution. The northern limit of the species is y Belevag: in the amt of Finmarken, on the north coast of ete. lat. 70° 50’ (7. nite ex J. M. eas i Norges
4), see 2 (a9 Oct. 1855), yee ting the South Esk iver! fee near an a
: 7 i ; 4
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS bL. VAR. y 21
dale, in the county of Cornwall, lat. 42° (C. Stuart in herb. F. Mueller, et ex Bentham, Fi. Australiensis, i. 1863, p. 10)—var. cabomboides. I have not seen Fries’s Norwegian specimens; the most northerly examples I have examined being those collected by
iB some distance south of the Arctic Circle. This var. eradicatus is the “Ranunculus aquatilis” of Linneus’s Fl. Lapponica, but there is no specimen in Herb. Linn. In one of the most recent local floras, MM. L. & M. Gortani,
still and slow-moving water. The second occurs in slow-moving
é matus, is foun fe) , According to Grenier, Fl. de la Chaine Jurassique, 16 (1865), the present species grows in the ponds of the plain, but is not found in the mountains nor in the fir zone, where it is replaced by fi. trichophyllus. See also Rapin, Guide du Botaniste dans Vaud, ed. 2, p. 12, n. 3 (1862).
Var. 1. communis: ut supra.
n.—R. 3 Centr. France, 43 (1877), not a species as given in Ind. Kewensis. Named by Lamotte after M. Martin, President of the Civil Tribunal of Romorantin, who studied the Batrachian Ranunculi and drew his attention to this large-flowered form.
Hab.—France: Saint-Loup in the Department of Loir-et-Cher
. Martin); Riom, in deep ditches along the railway, and near
Clermont-Ferrand, in the Department of Puy-de-Déme (Lamotte) ;
es Gazeriers, commune of Sussat, near Ebreuil, in Allier e).
Var. 2. ERADICATUS.
Pusillus, 2-3 dem., depauperatus. Folia 12-18 mm., con- fervoidea. Pedunculi 14-24 cm., filiformes. Alabastra non de- pressa. ores 7-8 mm. in diam. Petala calyci xquilonga. Stamina 5-10. Carpella 20-25, in statu juniore hispida demum par pats = primum olivino-atrescentia, demum brunnea; stylus reflexus.
Geogr. limits.—W.—Claushavn, on the west coast of Green- land, as stated above (Berggren). |
N.—At yig, in the amt of Finmarken, Aretic Norway, as stated above (7. F'ries). :
99 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
E.—E. Siberia, on the Sajan Mountains (H. Regel, PI. Rad- deanze i. a 39, n. 50, 1861—* R. aquatilis var. Sajanensis’ .—Russian Turkestan : Ala-Tau Mountains, north of “Lake Issik-kul, in the province of Pevuristpensk (ex Hiern, in Journ. Bot. 1871, p- 102)—lusus furcata n the British Isles found ah on Fingask Loch, Perthshire, and on Rescobie Loch and Balgavie Loch in Angus, flowering and fruiting under water two to five ge poate the surface (see Journ Bot. 1880, p. 344). Its reported occurrence near Dublin (Corry in Journ. Bot. 1882, p. 222) is very doubtfu 1, both from the nature of the locality and from the fact that a careful observer like Mr.
: ents: se Alpes, on the Lake of Ligny near Annot (Reverchon); Alpes- ritimes, in mountain-pools (Reverchon) ; Savoie, at the bottom of a pool in the forest of Aut-du-pré on Mt. Mirantin, in the commune of Conflans, on a cliff of talc-schist at 1000 metres above sea- level (Billot, exs. n. 2605, “ R. lutulentus oe It is found also
.exs. Austr. Hun ng. n. 1706), also i n Switzerland. e sou limit in Europe is in the an “ the ¢ Alpes-Maritimes ee ex Burnat, des sgt Mari
in Bot. Notiser, 1852, p. 156; R. aquatilis var. Sajanensis Regel (1861) ; R. lutulentus Song. et Perrier (1859); B. admixtum Nyl. et Saell. (1859) ; R. eb gi ee var. demersus N. E. Br rown, in En oes Bot. ed. 3, Suppl. 12 (1891).
The stipules are more nae to the Ligon goes fourths st is length), se more of the nature of a
‘ n size. In Arctic Norway it is in flower from i July to 15th September, sat after 13th August it may be found in fruit.
By be aicieas
le ors ss
WATSON EXCHANGE CLUB REPORT, 1906-7.
[Iv accordance with our usual practice, we give some extracts from the most recent Report of the Watson Botanical Exchange Club. The Report contains a large number of notes on critical species, those on Rubi, by the Rev. cal M. Rogers, occupying
WATSON EXCHANGE CLUB REPORT 93
three pages, those on Rosa, by Major Wolley-Dod, eight, and hose on Hieracia, by the Rev. E. F. Linton, five. For these and other critical matter reference should be made to the Report, which may be obtained from Mr. George Goode, Lendidest De Freville Avenue, Cambridge. Mr. Spencer Bickham, the dis- tributor for 1906-7, has succeeded the late Alexander Somerville as Treasurer of the Club—Ep. Journ. Bor T.|
THALICTRUM FLAVUM L. var. NIGRICANS Jacq. In large masses in several spots near Llangorse Lake, Breconshire, y.-c. 42, July 6th, 1906.—The black coloration of foliage a and stem was con- spicuous even in the fresh plant, and has become more marked when dried. The fruits, as usual, are often distorted and swollen by
. Nigre “‘non Jacq.” Herr Freyn named it 7. gallicum Rouy & Foucaud for another Club, at the same time — I suggested T. a °). ourt. nigricans auct. . occid. non Jacq.) ;
e m years of cultivation, that it is densely cespitose. It is very shy of producing seed of any sortin the garden. If Mr. Ley could get honest fruit it might help much towards a fresh determination. Meanwhile it fits pate & Foucaud’s eh n of T. Pacts fairly well—E. F. Linton.— [The type of 7. nigricans Jacq
the National Herbarium.—Ep. Journ.
FumariA Borz1 Jord. var. SEROTINA eo. forma. Potato-field, Poiaanoottr Cornwall, v.-c. i. Sept. 21st, 1906. A very pre orm, on which Mr. Pugsley writes me as follows :—*“ A f of F. Borei var. serotina, with sepals smaller than usual and sabbse fruits. I have seen similar plants from the Channel Isles and elsewhere, and it no doubt approaches F’. muralis, and perhaps should be raised to separate varietal rank. In Guernsey it seems to keep constant, and I have had it under cultivation.”—F. H. DavEY.
STELLARIA NEGLECTA Weihe. South Croxton, Leicestershire,
c. 55, May 30th, 1906. — A. R. Horwoop.
satiety tiitigeclod: and therefore is not the S. neglecta of Babington,
which I have called S. wmbr — sa var. perso By the law of priority, S. wmbrosa Opiz must, apparently, rank as a variety of S. ad Mette and I believe that this Croxton plant is neg ar. decipiens, which is certainly worth distinguishing, has bluntly, fuboreled. seeds, in that 3 respect coming nearer to S. media Vill. It should be called S. neglecta Weihe var. decipiens mihi. 7 peiieale MarsHatt. Tubercles a ute ; co ae: re h longer than ne quit ) want Gio nage &e., right. | ipsa nomenclaturist, s0 do not
24 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
pretend to say the correct name it should bear. Mr. Marshall says that this is, he believes, type neglecta. How is that dis- tinguished from wmbrosa?—C. E. 8. We have in Britain three distinct forms :— 1. S. neglecta Weihe. Pedicels and calyx hairy ; seeds acutely tubercled. - S. umbrosa Opiz (S. Elisabethe F. Schultz, apparently). Like the above, but with quite glabrous pedicels and cal neglecta var. decipiens. Like neglecta but for the bluntly S. media.
consider S. wmbrosa (our usual form, at least in the West, and by far the most markedly different from S. media) the true “ type” of the species; but one has to accept the Vienna rulings, so our arrangement must be :— ‘ S. neglecta Weihe. 6. Var. umbrosa (Opiz). c. Var. decipiens mihi=S. neglecta auct. angl. (non Weihe). —KE. S. MarsHaun.
R in Thakeham parish, at the back of the South Downs, West Sussex, v.-c. 13, July 26th, 1902. Known to me during the last
u tubercular-based prickles and s rong uneven aciculi. Leaflet paler, smooth above, not rugose, less hairy, and with close grey felt beneath ; margin truly dentate, with simple, shallow, and nearly regular teeth ; terminal leaflet obovate-elliptical cuspidate, differing widely in outline from the cordate-ovate-acuminate leaflet
) texture of the foliage, with the marked characteristics of outline
the plant approaches R. rudis at any time it may be thought admissible to a distinctive name, I would suggest that of var. Naldretti, after an old Sussex
Certainly very distinct from the Devon var. nemorosus, and especi- ally, as Mr. White points out, in the foliage and the paler colour- ing. e panicle also seems still more pyramidal in outline, in spite of its truncate top, while its prickles are far slenderer and more crowded. Thus while in the shape of the leaflets, though
ie) e : ba] s a vel
1893) is, as he has pointed out, obviously different, and may, ink, go under the type.—W. M. Rocrrs. ARTEMISIA STELLERIANA Besser. Marazion Beach, West Corn- wall, v.-c. 1, Sept. 15th, 1906. This handsome species occurs in comparative plenty on the sandy beach, where it flourishes in
WATSON EXCHANGE CLUB REPORT 95
company with Eryngium maritimum L. and Cakile yong Scop. It was first r nce for that locality by the Glasson i in the Trans. Penzance Nat. Hist. t. and Ais: ess ‘for 1888.
onths earlie There is s no metic doom near, and nothing to point to the origin of “this Kamschatkan species in such an unexpected locality. For further valuable information about this plant in Britain, see Journ. Bot. 1894, pp. cant and 1895, p. 316; also Colgan’s Flora of County Dublin, p. 110—F.H. Davey. ~
Myosotis arvensis Lam. var. hee Bab. Under shaded hedgerows, South Croxton, Leicestershire, v.-c. 55, Ma ay 30th, 1906. The flowers were as conspicuous as those of M. sylvatica,
to which it bears a morphic resemblance until examined more ae but in the process of drying they quickly lose their character. The variety seems to be a much taller, more hirsute,
and more robust form of the type, the ooo facies being quite distinct, apart from the emphasized difference in the flowers.— A. R. Horw woop. In March, 1889, Prof. Babington wrote to me as follows :—*I have struck the word wmbrosa out, and am sorry to find it in the Lond. Cat. I believe it to be only a shade-plant with broader leaves and larger flowers, but undeserving of special notice.” It is expunged from Bab. Man. ed. ix.—E. 8. MarsHaun. Cuscura EuRop#A L. (1) Clover-field, Hauxton, tear Sete mber, 1906.—E. J. ALLARD. ms to me atcha —§.H.B. I should call this plant C. Trifolii Bab. ok F. Lint I have never seen be oe growing on clover or in catienae fields; it occurs on very many species by roadsides, especially by streams on athe, Calystegia, &¢.— A. BENNETT. Fringed scales present in my specimens, but very hard to see in old flowers. I, too, have never seen this species on clover.— C.E.8. (2) Hedgerow and field, Comberton, Cambridgeshire, August, 1906.—E. J. Atuarp. I think correct—S.H.B. I am inclined to agree to this being C. euwropea.—tE. F. Linton. Both these plants seem to me not to be the true ewropea, but the var. nefrens Fries, Herb. Normale, xi. 17. I am not sure of my ag misses, but I ‘have failed to find the scales with corolla ; if prese they are so assimilated with the corolla in drying that I have failed o see them; when fresh, in the ordinary form, t are easily seen. If the scales are absent or nearly obsolete, then it is is Fries’ plant. This form has been found in Percy er (Thirsk, Yorkshire, and a Twyoross, Leicestershire) ; cf. Syme, Eng. Bot. vi. (1866), A. BENNETT. Lange
i pe danske Flora, he iy. p. 483) says of the variety :—Form £, which, acco’ to Fries, is found on Vicia sativa, i is Pt a distinet species, which deserves further investigation.” He identi- fies it Spears a query) sah e . Seheuhriana Pfeitfer (Bot. Zeit. 1846, p. 20). —E. 8. MARSHALL.
26 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
CHENopopIuM ALBUM L. (1) var. imcanwm Moq.; (2) var. wei Syme ; @). ageie rs rebar? (1) and (2). New Humber- stone, Leicestershire, v.-c. 55, Aug. 16th, 1906. The plants sent
wi
n - also grew in the same deny and C. pte
merging from one variety into onsihaeds . Rh. HoRwoop. these three specimens are rightly distinguished.—E. Being only varieties of one species they would notably merge into a other. I believe this can be seen wherever the species grows rubbish, uncultivated ground, &c., but in cultivated ground the var. incanum prevails mostly.—A. BENNETT Ncus TENUIS Willd. (1) Derry acd, near Seggieden, East Pe ticuics y.-c. 89, Aug. 10th and Sept. 27th, 1903; July 5th, = For particulars of the dacuge and habitat of this plant ee Annals Scottish Nat. Hist. 1904, p. 59. The plant still main- Saas itself in this station as Serer as in 1903, ase it does not seem to spread much.—W. Baronay. (2) Waste ground near poet parbour, Co. Down, September, ‘1908, and October, 4 1906.— Wand
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
The Flora of West Lancashire. By J. A. Wuepon, F.L.S., and AuBert Witson, F.L.S. Illustrated with coloured map and
= 511. Price 12s. € 6d. Aurnoues the authors in their preface modestly claim to have : Se the conventional models in the plan of their Flora,” who open the book will not fail to detect features which, if not precisely wef have assumed a position and importance un- pth f the one and the absence of others to which they are accusto oa 8, for example, an almost entire absence of the biographical rapt ahiok in some recent floras has assumed undue prwcoract the re of authorities quoted, including biblio- occupies barely fi es. The authors have throughout
need to search their pages for ‘‘new combinations” or for notes upon al fo species which are more accessible in a magazine than ra.
ot Mevobaiabe Bay? —is divi idiot & as Gait ealehully weatten id t sufficiently indicated, though the number of localities given is comparatively few.
SRE AEE soit te CM reer arenes
; i , ; : §
THE FLORA OF WEST LANCASHIRE 27
The most striking feature of the book however is the intro- duction, which extends to more than a hundred pages, and
brought about the encroachments of building, drainage, and other results of civilization. The characteristic botanical and
I such a survey would occasion and partly because of the necessity of keeping the size of the book within due limits. ‘The elemen-
from p ap Vy
only drawback to which is the weight that the paper necessary for the purpose gives to the book, which is too heavy to be carried about with comfort. These aspects of Aegean for such they mostly are, are admirably selected and very instruct. ive; where all
are so good, it is difficult to select any for special praise, but the “Navel Pot, Leck Fell,” “showing hanging vegetation or on vertical limestone sides ”—Actea grows in this pot-hole on inaccessible rock-ledges, and, with the exception of a neighbouring locality, does not occur elsewhere in Lancashire—and the “limestone ee Gabtbains w Wood,” with yew and ash, are especially effec
lad to see that the local names are recorded, but wi
ee canbe are es be congratulate co ee pepe y take rank with the best of our county
———e
28 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Trees and their Life Histories. By Percy Groom, M.A.,
D.Se., &e. Illustrated from photographs by Henry Irvine. Ato, cl., pp. xvi. 407. Price 25s. net. Cassell & Co. [No e.]
date PRINTER, publisher, and — have combined to make this a handsome and attractive a. But it must be said at the
outset that those who buy it oath g to find a collection of good em eat with the usual chatty gossiping more or less accurate account of trees and their literary and historical associa- tions will ‘ety disappointed in the latter, though not in the former anticipation. Dr. Groom’s aim is “rather to o guide the interested
bserver of Nature than to attract the book-lover”; he has pro- vided for the folk who really observe and want to ‘know, rather than for those who gush about Nature but do not care to study it, and by so doing he has conferred a benefit upon a class too little provided for, standing as they do between the mere dilettante, for whom Mr. F. E. Hulme and other writers are recognize purveyors, and the scientific nee for whom the late Prof. Marshall Ward made ample provision. Dr. Groom’s treatment of his subject is indeed scientific, bie it presents no difficulties which those who want to know will find serious; and the admirable illustrations—more than five hundred in number—render the book thoroughly attractive.
ough there is no saeune ts ‘treat the subject in a popular style, De Groom has avoided unnecessary technicalities; we think, however, that a short glossary would be a useful addition to the book, and we regret the almost entire omission of any in- teirantion as to geographical distribution—we are not even told which are native and which introduced. This, however, the author may say is no part of the “ life-history.” The selection is excellent and representative, although we think the Chestnut should na found a place.
As we have already said, the book owes much of its attractive- ness to the very numerous and admirable illustrations, all of them from photographs by Mr. Henry Irving. Some of these—notably
the full-page ill
: y q ‘
LA FLORE DE LA SUISSE ET SES ORIGINES 29
does the ~ supply it, as Teetines sig ct ma. added that Mr. Irving’s pocwodeerne, on a somewhat larger scale than the limits of a quarto page will allow, form an attractive feature of the cases ifstrting British trees in the hall of the Natural History Muse
La Flore de la Suisse et ses Origines. Par H. Curist. Edition i auteur. Nou
velle édition augmentée d’un apergu des récents travaux géobotaniques. ae Georg & Cie. 8vo, cl. pp. xvi, 572,
117. Price 16 frane - Tose who expect to fad in this volume a new edition of that published in 1883, as the title-page might seem to imply, will be disappointed. The book is a re-issue, with the addition of a upplement containing a summary of the observations that have
ia eamy summary of the additions made during recent years to
” The work me is so well aye: and its merits are so gene- see pbpraaciente at there is n pass it in revi The entral posit: seo Bwiteand: ates the author to trace the heen Sor “within its limits of elements priate 0 the floras of eastern and southern Europe, to suggest how these, as well as the indigenous species, have given rise to new ide mic forms ; and he traces the influence, direct and indirect, of alison: upon the vegetation of Switzerland. . Christ has the advantage, not always found among generalizers, of an intimate and critical acquaintance with the plants of the country, and this gives a ue to his work which would otherwise be ‘The concluding paragraph of the sathor s preface to the Sup-
literature, may be worth quoting :—‘ En terminant, je m sens poussé 4 rendre le tém oe énergique que, oy ja baie en age et plus les merveilles de Dieu se dévoilent devant mes yeux, plus aussi je me livre sans réserve 4 ses saints étonnements qui sont la jouissance la plus élevée que l'homme puisse éprouver - présence de l’ceuvre du Créateur sur cette terre. Pour moi, ce est pas la lutte brutale pour esinbeliake c'est au contraire l’aide mutuelle, la symbiose harmonique des étres qui domine, et qui est
une des révélations les plus manifestes de ee de Dieu.”
30 . THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, de.
Ar the meeting of the Linnean Society on 5th December, Dr. Stapf exhibited a series of specimens of Spartina Townsendi representing different stages of development and tall and dwarf
rms, and for comparison also typical yeh seo = S alterniflora, S. stricta, and on behalf of Messrs. H. & J. Groves, S. Neyrautit
in many respects an intermediate peaitins pebeisaid S. sneraitone and S. stricta, although it is different enough to be treated as specifically distinct from either. He then described the gene tion of the three species, and more particularly that of S. Tow send, which was first collected near Hythe in 1870 and distributed as S. alterniflora. Three years later the brothers Groves foun it again in the same locality, and in 1881 they recognized it as a distinct new species and named it S. Townsendi. At present it covers many hundreds or, may be, thousands of acres on the
ha, se —— with extermination in some places. There
are three theories to explain the appearance of the grass, which is bs i gis have been long overlooked :—(1) It may have been introduced, like S. alterniflora, which is a common mud- grass on the Atlantic coast of America from Newfoundland to Brazil; Lord Montagu has, in fact, stated that the people on. the
: n the Se: mentioned by Arechavaleta and Stuckert, are distinctly different. (2) It may have originally arisen as a mutation of S. sivieton and, the characters having become fixed, the progeny ehaves like ordinary species. hance this may be that there is no evidence, historical or morphological, for this assumption. (3) It sprang = a fertile hybrid or hybrids between S. alterniflora and S. stricta, and has assumed the char- acter of a ssekicaleals vigorous sak: fairly constant species. In favour of this theory two circumstances may be adduced : first, the fact that S. Townsend: combines actually not a few of the dis- — —— of both aise and secondly, that it has an almost exact parallel in S. Neyrauti, which ee nse as a hybrid rig te alterniflora and 8S. ta from s found gro ong the parents in the nhl of the secthe. This S. Neyrautii differs from S. Townsends we in the more wit nounced accentuation of the characters d m 8S. altern The Adour and the Bidassao Bivens on ne side and Southampton Water on the other are the only two places in the world, so far as we know, where S. alterniflora and S. stricta meet; and it would be a case of extraordinary coincidence if
BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ETC. 31
S. Townsendi and S. Neyrautii should after all be found to have been introduced from some other part of the world just into those two localities. An attempt of artificial crossing of S. alterniflora and S. stricta should be made. Dr. Stapf finally spoke of the grass as a mud-binding and gute reclaiming species.
: Same meeting papers were read by Mr. H. N. ee on a oullastion of plants from Gunong cores Pahang, by
inson, and on some marine Algw from the Red Sea, by ‘Prof Harvey-Gibson, based on maori penta by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 and 1905. The number is thirty-five
species; twelve belong to the Apa t and as many to the _ aophycee, with eleven Rhodophycee. In an appendix the follow- Phanerogams were menti ine as having been collected at the ee me: Cymodocea Halophila siepallbaa: Najas marina, and fragments of Salicornia fruticosa, THE volume on chibi ae for Soiling, Silage, Hay and Pasture, by E. B. Voorhees, D. Se. (New York: The Macmillan Co.,
given as to the preparation of the soil and seeding, the manures and tillage, the harvesting and ges and the feeding-value, deter- mined by chemical analyses, of the various crops. The volume
agriculturists in those lands, being assured that they will find rouch practical information as to possible forage crops.—W. C.
In Seed and Soil Inoculation for Leguminous Crops ( Country Life” Office, 1s.), Prof. Bottomley recites the pr — of our
ie d with remarkable success. The results of these experi- ments and the ee nae’ gain to agriculture form the bulk of his interesting pamphlet.—W. C.
TuE Rey. Joun Ferausson, who died in Edinburgh on August 6, 1907, was for many years well known as a worker at British Mosses, the study of which he took up in 1866. He was born in
1834 at Kerrow, Glen Shee, Forfarshire, and Lie boos eee were connected with that county and are embodied in in Trans. Bot. Soe. > Edinb. x. 245 (1869) ; inthis between el ce hundred species new a ere od
83 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
including some new to Britain. In 1869 he removed to New Pit- sligo, in Aberdeenshire, and in 1875 he was inducted to the parish of Ferns, near Brechin ; his further discoveries appeared in Science Gossip and elsewhere. At one time ergusson contemplated pub- lishing a manual of British Mosses; he had an extensive corre- pondence with Wilson, Hunt, and other leading gee ag Mes PHS
nd was generous in distributing a ens. is name stands as the authority for at least one speciesynew to cs ilnie ks notis
pressa—and he added many species te the British flora. The University of St. Andrews, where he had been a student, bestowed upon him in 1896 the degree of Doctor of Laws.
nstalment contains the Gatens ines: Dilleniacee, "Magnoliacea, oa Anonacee, and is the work of MM. Finet and agnepain ; thirty-four of the hundred and eight a described in it are new, and there are fourteen excellent plates by C. Kastner. It is expected that the work will occupy seven volumes of about five hundred pages each. The arrangement followed will be that of Bentham & Hooker, but the volumes will not appear in their sequence; thus the next instalment, which will appear early in the
year, will begin vol. vi., and will include the Hydrocharidee, Bur- manniacee, and Scitaminee. The price of each fascicle is 10 francs.
WE are glad to see that the Lichen ——— “aie suggested by Mr. A. R. Horwood in our November num as become an accomplished fact. A SL are of four pages ting the rules and a list of “exempta’’— ‘lichens of universal distribution which, unless the potasereiee : differ ou the typical form, need not be sent for exchange’ y be obtained ae fogs Horwood, the Secretary, at the Gorporaticis Museum, Leices Specimens for distribution or identification should be sent > tie distributor for the Phat the Rev. H. P. Reader, Lonel Cross Priory, Leicester. Si members have been already enrolled.
r List of the alterations in the yours of the List of British Seed-plants indicated in our last issue has been printed in slip form and will be sent out in future with the List ose who have alread. chased the List can obtain a copy of the altera- tions on pplinebai to the Keeper of the Department of Botany.
E understand that the new edition of the London Catalogue, upon bigs as Messrs. W. R. Clarke & E. S. Marshall have been for some time engaged, will psrartas be issued, as will also the more elaborate Catalogue by Mr. G. C. Dies which will be published by the Clarendon Press.
— —— of Miss C. E. Ealuoee, which contains many
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No. 542 — _ FEBRUARY, 1908 Vol. XLVI
THE
JOURNAL OF BOTANY
BRITISH AND FOREIGN
JAMES BRITTEN, K.S.G., F.LS.
CONTENTS _ PAGE PAGE The hae Species of Thymus. es argon: —Rubus mutabilis K. Domin & A. Broce Jackson... 33 | Gene ar. Naldrettt White— ... : es j Pota tris —— vanicus Willd. Adasen Diver ‘Meo aa, = | in England.—The Flora of Surrey a js ae < F 37 | | Norices oF Boos tiers erm = Ranunculus Be | Handbuch der _Systematisehen
var. y FRED Botanik. Wet tikes, F. <8 Ss. Y Concluded) R. y. Weikenus 60 Some Lincolnshire Rubi. By Rev. Der pee er ‘plianaad, Avéestin. Lev; MAS s oS OS 8 Prof. J. Wiz ee By WanrmInG- scuba: ” Pehrtiee oh der allgemeinen Botanik. Her- ausgegeben von E. P. MEInECKE 63
= ee
A 2 yok balers from Uganda. he ape HAWE, M.B., F.L.8.,
z é. Baxer, F. L.S. 56
SHort Noves, oa occiden- Book-Notes, News, 06.5 22. 2a, 63 talis: a Correction.—Alien Plants Ce near: Lo aioe. ae - Leptodontium _ SuppLement.—The Subsection gemmascens Braithw. in. Herts.— | nigra of the Genus Rosa. - “By Rosa pomifera J. Herrm. as Bri- Maj . H. Woitey-Dop (con tish.— Salix herbacea L. in Car- ana Ng
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JOURNAL OF BOTANY
JAMES BRITTEN, K.S§.G., F.L.S.
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33
THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THYMUS. By K. Domin & A. Bruce Jackson.
Thymus is one of the many genera which present special diffi- culties to the systematist from the fact that it includes a large pee of critical forms which are very hard to define. This is
roc
the steppes of North Bohemia being the northernmost limit of these South-east Euro species. Central and North Europe . and the Alps ~ id a few species, but Nets are represented by an extraordina mber of variable form
Until receely” the characters aiinlovadl for differentiating the species and varieties of Thymus were of doubtful value, and many plants which have been given specific rank can hardly be con- sidered more than forms, or at the most varieties. Moreover, it would be necessary if these Poe tart based upon the size and colour of the flowers, the degree of pubescence of the calyx and stems, the shape of rs ue the smell, the more or less elon- gated branches, &e., were used as distinctions to describe new species ad infinitum, bria the manner of Opiz and Déséglise. This ie render an already complicated synonymy still more cumberso
Boeke: who published a revision of Thymus (“ Symbole ad hymos Europe Medie praecipue Hungarie oscendos,” Math. és Természet Kézlemények Kértet, xxiv. pp. 39-116, Buda- pest, 1890), which treats especially of the Central and South-east European forms, laid stress upon charac erived from the nervation of the leaves and the me of the stems, which at the —. are artificial and etter
! ed a more natural grouping of the plants than had been adopted by previous authors. raed is redone from his “ Vorstudien zu einer Monographie der
g ” Beth. z. Bot. Centralbl., Berlin (1906). Borbis, sist especially Velondvak¥: show us how important a part hybri ridi- zation plays in Thymus, an min has found that wherever two
corpadaily the result of crossing; as is the case with many species of Potentilla and some other gene
It is the occurrence of such ybeids which renders the study of this genus an unusually difficult one. Dried specimens, often very imperfect, because failing to show the mode of branching, are frequently not determinable. It is absolutely essential to have complete plants to be quite certain to which species they belong.
Pe itie! OF Borany.—Vot. 46. [FEBRUARY, 1908. } D
34 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Thymus Serpyllum L.—Linneus (Sp. Pl. p. 590 [1753] ) described his Thymus Serpyllum as follows: “Thymus floribus capitatis caulibus repentibus, foliis planis obtusis basi ciliatis. Fl. Suec. 477. Mat. Med. 282.” Now it is evident that this description cannot be made to embrace all our British plants, as there is woes one species with flowers in heads and creeping stems =
He safiglnehidrt the above’ _ description by the following eysonyihas and adds diagnoses of four varieties :— “ Thymus repens, foliis par floribus verticillato-spicatis. Hort. Cliff. 306. ugab.
ypt. 277. B Serpyllum vulgare m ajus. Bauh. Pin. 220 y Serpyllum bh minus capitulis lanuginosis. seve Inst. 197. It. Gotl. 219.
8 Serpyllum angustifolium hirtum. Bauh. Pin. 220. F Serpyllum foliis citri odore. Bauh. Pin. 220. Habitat in “aint aridis apricis.
wever, have nothing to do with the plant just described, sn this conclusion is ee out by an examination of the Linnes ean types of T' oh us at Herb. Mus. Brit. GroneNe” in
mare i is so clear a Mcipeen as to leave no doubt that he had before him a specimen of T. Serpyllwm Gens strictu). Doubtless many will think it aeaicabla to retain the name Serpyllum in a collective sense, taking the view that Faria has united under Ton name 7’. Chamedrys Fr. (T. glaber eet T. ovatus Miller, ecox Opiz, and some other species which do not occur in Bigland but this is Lael a correct view, poses as it is not possible to retain a collective species for several spenies belonewe to Gis well-marked ache of the genus, and also consider it inadvisable to retain the name in a collective ote” when the ‘deaeritbian of ta plant to which it refers is a segregate ae :
In many other genera the Linnean species are collective, and embrace several very distinct forms, but in these cases his diagnoses usually refer to = the forms, and not to one only. Fries (Nov. Fl. Suec. ed. ii. p. 196 (1828)) makes the position perfectly clear. He gives a ia complete and correct description of T. Serpyllum L. (excluding syn. and var.), showing that the
nean name can oes be used for the plant from South Sweden, I :
7. angus of the Linnean eieeies Fries says (I.c. “ Brevitatis studio Begin de Serpyllis controversis i immen- samque synonymiam hoc loco non teram. A nos se pal
THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THYMUS 35
aliter quam apud exteros Thymi habere videntur. Duas facile in Scandinavia me oe Species, separatim nascentes, ut altera alteram seepe excludat. Ha exdem sunt, quas primi Patrum jam distinxerunt, habitu & vegetatione omnino differentes. Staminibus exsertis (qualia vero semper fere apud nos!) & inclusis, corollis
est verus Th. Ser um L. nae
Thymus ovatus Miller. —This tale ‘although bearing a com- bination unfamiliar to British botanists, is well-known under this name on the Continent, as it is possible to see from the writings of Borbids and Mg sori oa It is described by Miller (Gard. Dict. ed. 8 ee ), as foll
HYMUS eabaay caulibus decumbentibus, foliis ovatis a Pian verticillato-spicatis. Thyme with strong trailing stalks, Paste smooth leaves, and flowers growing in whorled spikes. Serpyllum vulgare majus aes oa minore, t. Par. 183.”
us differs markedly from 7. Serpyllum in being without
se and having only a ao —— and not capitate inflorescence, and quite different lea
Thymus glaber Miller.—The third zpooien occurring in Britain
is Thymus glaber Miller, which is found in the mountains me
pecin ocaliti land, yok is and North Wales. This species is Shan moet iller :—
“6, Taymus (glabrus*) — paler caulibus decumbenti- bus, foliis fecnasuees glabris. with —— growing in heads, trailing stalks, and smooth sitet shapes leaves. Serpyllum vulgare majus, flore purpureo. E. B, P. 220.”
diagnosis exactly fits the type specimen of T. glaber pre- served in Miller’s herbarium, and that this is identical with Fries’s
type specimen of 7. C. rys is also qui speci- men of the latter preserved in the national collection Although rys is used in a correct sense for T. gla con-
‘ose earlier tinental beeen. Miller's - name being sixty years must
stand, This change is all the more desirable in view of the fact that the name T. Chamedrys has often been used to designate several distinct species. .
* Corrected to glaber in errata. ‘ D
36 ; THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Thymus precox Opiz.—The last species with which we propose to deal at present is Thymus precox tie We have seen plants in
; bus subses silibus peo ebae. ‘corollis calice ta aa warn inclusis.’ We contrast below the characters of the four species dealt wit th :-— I. Superectt Velen. /.c. p. 278. 1. Thymus ovatus Miller.—Ramis erectis ramosis inflorescentid terminali quadrangulis plerumque bifariam hirsutis, foliis majort- s ovatis vel ovato-oblongis tenuibus planis basi ad margines ciliatis usque omnino glabris, nervo medio tenui prominulo secun- rgines percurrentibus, inflorescentia elongata, verticillastris + remotis oe sicjibinlatin !), floribus pro more minoribus. Stolonibus nullis
,
II. Repentes Velen. J. c. p. 280. |
2. T. Serpyllum L.— Ramis floriferis sideeonetoer oe i axillaribus (nec terminalibus) sepe circacireum breviter pilosis, |
nulo, secundariis sepe obsoletis, floribus in ca ue brevum con- gestis. i: Btolelabns valde eichgittes repentibus sterilibus. Preecipue arenosorum et ericetorum incole. a 3. T. precor Opiz.— Ramis elongatis sterilibus et floriferis abbreviatis axillaribus excellens, sed differt foliis multo majoribus latioribusque planis sape spathulatis vel late obovatis, mervis is prominulis, captulis majoribus minus congestis necnon prea tempore precocioribus. Loca arida collesque caleareos
5
re: Eade Bes ¢ > S i)
Ha e&
ibe B.'3 aS 22 a2 oe seth E 2.2 ae a aif or a“ Oo B36. ~— DQ
aspectu facile dignoscendus. A speciebus precedentibus sectionis Repentes ramis sterilibus brevioribus, foliis majoribus ovatis vel ovato-oblongis tenuibus magnis discoloribus planis seapius breviter petiolulatis glabris, nervatione T. ovato congruentibus, ramis flori- Jeris magis elongatis, quadrangulis bifariam pubescentibus vel sub- — glabris inflorescentia subcapitata longiore, a lete purpureis vel roseis habitationeque shins vel subalpina discrepat.
tybrid Thymes appear to be fairly numerous in England judging from the material we have 7 Aer wi Serpyllum X — ovatus ichiail being the commonest cross. Some of these show — the influence of Bens parentage, but differ in their shorter — stolons, terminated by an inflorescence, are more robust, and . | have looser heads. Other 1 forms are nearer 7. ovatus, but can be
ALABASTRA DIVERSA 37
ae Siete by the faint nervation of the leaves, which are and narrower, the flowers in denser verticillasters, and the more deinen bent stems. The hybrids are : one characterized by having larger flowers than those of the n a future sg ay we shall discuss ‘ced este the distribution of Thymus in Britain
ALABASTRA DIVERSA.—Part XVI. By Spencer LE M. Moors, B.Sc., F.L.S. New or Rare AFRICAN PLANTS.
RuBIACE. as no sagen ‘Sp. Nov. Frutic ulo osa ramulis crebro foliosis
in satis Ie xis "brett seine quam calyx plan 1 Beta wets aie rae io) campanulato longitrorsum senrat dense griseo-pubescente limbo brevi lobis 5 (nonnunquam 6) elongatis subulato-linearibus inter se inequalibus onusto, corolle tubo calycem circa 6-plo excedente ad rei generis lato faucibus parum dilatato extus pubesoente lobis 5 (rar 4 vel 6) oblongis acutis quam tubus multo brevioribus, sbi infra fauces insertis, ovario 2-losulo, stylo “aang am incluso, capsulis anguste ovoideis coriaceis puberulis valvis per- sistentibus donatis H Theos Mazoe, on precipitous side of Iron-mask Hill; F, Eyles, 248, 496. Folia 8-0-9-0 x 4-0-4:'5 em., in sicco brunnea, aliquantulum nitida; coste ena a perspiousn; a griseo-pubescentes, : , silee
0-9 em. long. Stylus wegre 8-0 cm. long.; hujus rami lineari- oblongi, 0:35 em. long. Capsula calycis reliquiis coronata, circa 9-costata, b 0-8 cm
A very fine plant, differing from P. sping K. Schum., known to me only by description, among other characters, in the ovate leaves rounded (not acute) at — and ¢ the shorter pubescent (not tomentose) corolla with shorte:
P. Woodii 8. Elliot in Sikcn. Tis: Soe. xxxii. p- 434.
Mazoe; F. Eyles, 275.
38 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
- Slaaatage plant, now first, it is believed, added to the tropical n flor
is onteniet ia spicata, sp. nov. Caule e rhizomate lignoso sat gracili ascendente cito ramoso ramis procumbentibus crebro folio- sis griseo-pubescentibus, foliis sessilibus subsessilibusve anguste
puberulis, stipulis e basi lata petiolis adnata in setas 3-4 brevibus ea — us parvulis sessilibus brevissimeve pedicellatis in pseudospic griseo- ubescentem folia multo ex ci ATSC cito
seig gmt © reliquis 4 minutis setiformibus, corolle tubo caly- m longe excedente maxime attenuato sursum subito dilatato tiicilvcs katate lobis 5 ovato-oblongis obtusis, staminibus breviter exsertis, ovario 2-loc re pubescente, stylo incluso quam rami sui abhiplilon duplo longio 9 Hab. Mazoe, Rhodesia, Eaiineit of Iron-mask Hill; F. Eyles, 22.
Folia solemniter 2-0-3-0 cm. long., 0-3-0°5 cm. lat., in sicco viridia subtus pallescentia; costa centralis subtus ie ele Stipule circa 0°3 em. long. Spice mox pee 10:0 cm. long. Pedicelli dum adsint crassi, summum 0:1 em. long. Die ium cylindraceum, 0°15 cm. long. Flores dilute purpurei. Calycis lobus unicus 0°3-0°5 x 0-1-0-15 cm.; lobi reliqui 0:05-0-1 ¢ long. Corolle tubus circa 0-5 cm. long., 0:02 cm. diam. ; lobi egre 0'2cm. long. Filamenta 0-12 cm., anthere 0:06 cm. long. Stylus 0-5 em. long., hujus rami 0°25 cm. eso ovoideus, calyce anos coronatus, pubescens, 0°2 c ong,
with corollas like those of P. annua K. Sch and tag? te ae but so different from both in habit, clothing, shape of leaf, &c., as to render further details unnecessary. most striking Teatazs is "the spicate inflorescence, a character in which it is unique among its congeners.
ComPosiTz.
Erlangea (§ Eu-Ertancea) Eylesii, sp.nov. Herba bipe- dalis caule erecto gracili frequenter foligso albo-tomentello, foliis pottie sessilibus asati- lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolato-oblongis
s basi obtusis rotundatisve vix Sf goanegeer cages eats scabri- cals subtus albo- -tomentellis, capitulis pro rata submediocribus in cymis termi us paucicephalis bracteatis dipoeitis circa
4-flosculosis, involucri turbinato-campanulati 4-serialis albo-pube- scentis phyllis lineari-lanceolatis exterioribus serr. tribus quam intima manifeste angustioribus omnibus apice breviter spinuloso- acuminatis, fiosculis bene exsertis, acheeniis turbinatis 5-costatis puberulis, pappi setis ys caducissimis scabriusculis achznia
09. Folia 4:5-7:0 cm. long., 0-1: om, ee summa, gradatim imminuta et tandem in bracteas transeuntia. Cyme 3-0-5°0 x 3°0-5°0 cm. B racter inferiores lan ceolate, superiores ho pies
ALABASTRA DIVERSA 39
pols apice 0-6 cm. -_—— ; phylla extima 0°6 cm., intermedia
m., intima 0:85 ¢ ong., omnia membranacea necnon brevissime sebiihe. aiariealas Flosculi purpurei raro punicei. Corolle 0:75 em. ae ps cheenia besides 0-15-0°2 cm. long.;
pappi setz 0-2-0:3 em
A very distinct oat legis species, with nearest affinity to E. Schinzii O. Hoffm. From this it differs in indumentum, shape of leaf, xis of involuére and involucral leaves, &c.
a (§ Cyanopis) porphyrolepis, sp.nov. Planta 1-2- metralis, tails erecto valido tereti A a foteinees pubescente tandem glabrato, foliis lanceolato-oblongis apice mucronatis basi obtusis
is is supra
tibus, involucri campanulati 5-serialis phyllis extimis abbreviatis sg reliquis gradatim longioribus o oblongo-lanceolatis trinervi- bus omnibus acuminatis dorso microscopice puberulis purpureis seine sactcoctettins patenti-recurvis, corollis exsertis, achzeniis ob- longo-turbinatis 4-costatis pilis simplicibus ‘plaindutls intermixtis pubescentibus, pappi setis auger any quam interiores scabriuscule — albz multo brevior ;
Hab. Mazoe, on Iron-mask and Beesthaien Hills; F. Eyles, 371. Caulis destooin 0-7 em. diam., in sicco late branneus. Folia 7-5-8'5 cm. long., 2°2-2°5 em. lat., superiora circa 5:0 x 1:0 cm.,
mi petioli 0°5 em. long. vel minus. Inflorescentia circa 20-0 x 15° seit Bractez lineari-lanceolate vel lineares, + 05 cm. long. Pedunculi proprii 0:3-1:0 cm. long. Capitula 0°8 x 0-7 cm. Involueri phylla extima 0:15 cm., intermedia + 0:35 em., intima 0-5 long. Achznia 0-2 cm. long.; pappi sete exteriores 0-05 em. * interiores 0-5 em. long.
n a first view this might be taken for V. Elliotii 8. Moore, which, besides having somewhat different leaves and flower-heads and sifaply glandular achenes, is a fay reel of § Lepidella. The affinity is with V. Burtont Oliv. & Hiern, which has elliptical, nearly glabrous foliage leaves, involucres with a greater number of Pp not purple, a and nearly Dme achenes.
Vernonia (§ Stencexi) integra, sp. ee pm ramosa, ramulis season plarigtriatis tae griseo pubescentibus, la :
petiolum brevem attenuatis j MATBING : — membranaceis supra
tiflosculosis ramulos : superiores solitatim terminantibus ita corym- bum p paucicephalum - foliis intermixtumn referentibus, pedunculis
involueri campanulati ¢ circa 6-serialis griseo-pubescentis phyllis oblongis extimis abbreviatis intermediis et interioribus appendice spathulato-oblonga obtusa foliacea onustis intimis quam interiora paullo brevioribus anguste lineari-lanceolatis acutis, flosculis bre-
40 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
viter exsertis, corolla tubo magna pro parte attenuato juxta limbum subito dilatato, achzniis cylindricis pluricostatis. breviter setosis, pappi setis pluriseriatis dilute stramineis paucis extimis quam reliqua complanata scabriuscula manifeste brevioribus. H Mazoe, eee ft.; F. Eyles, 277 : Foliorum limbus 3-0-4: 5 xX + 0-2" 0 cm.; coste eamewer
long. Flosculi subalbidi. Corolle pars attenuata 1-0 cm. long., pars dilatata 0-4 cm.; lobi anguste triangulares, 0-2 long. Styli rami 0-5 em. tees chenia 0°4 cm., pappi ome exes
. long. Easily ietinguished from V. Tenoreana Oliv., V. Woodw Hoffm., and their allies by the small entire leaves and the
Felicia Noele, fa nov. Herbacea, sat elata, kite saltem sursum ramoso ut rami laxifoliati longitrorsum striato hispidulo- puberulo, foliis altarnis sessilibus a . -oblongis obtusis integris superioribus minoribus omnibus scabride-hispidulis, capitulis parvis multiflosculosis in corymbo ae revi raribracteato paucicephalo sublaxo pubescente dispositis, pedunculis propriis gracilibus rt tula excedentibus, involucri late ca mpanulati He _ sat phyllis 2 - seriatis lineari- erg — rigi ine anguste scariosis, flosculis exsertis omnibus fertilibus, ligulis ultra 20 1- seriatis oblongis revise in sicco albis, achzeniis adhuec crudis com- pressis margine hispidulis, Papp! ts scabridis albis. anza, west side of Lake Victoria Nyanza ; Miss E. F. Noel.
olia inferiora 3-5 em. long., 0-5 cm. lat., trinervia, nervis subtus eminentibus ; folia superiora + 1-0 x 9. 0 cm., uninervia. orymbi cirea 4:0 x Bractee anguste_ lineares, 0-2- 0-5 cm. long., aici hispidule. Pedunculi proprii capitulorum perente oop 0-5-1: he em. long. Capitula 0-4 x 0°8-1:0 cm.
Spheranthus (§ Posen Randii, sp.nov. Caule flaccido hag plus minus repe us
eg NO 1-serialibus ovatis breviter aris- tato- acuminatis margine ciliolatis sursum Gane bracteis capi- tulorum oribus (interioribus
spathulato-oblongis), involucri phyllis 4 Sege oblongo-spathulatis
ALABASTRA DIVERSA 41
truncatis apice erosulis carinatis carina juxta apicem levissime cristulata, corollis fil. 9 ae orum exstant pro capitulo 3-5) cylin- dricis — atis fil. ¥ 2 leviter infundibuliformibus (sc. tuk
: ce athe Salisbury; R. F. Rand, 527. Mazoe, on bank of stream flowing from granite; F’. Eyles, 405.
Folia vulgo 3-0-5-0 em. long., 0:15-0- 3 om. lat., glandulis im- mersis copiose induta. Pedunceuli circa 1:0-2:0 cm. long. Glome- ruli rite evoluti 0-8 cm. diam. Bractew exteriores 0:3 x 0-2 em.; involucrorum interiorum bractexe 0:3 x 0-12cem. Involueri Me
egre 0:3 cm. long. Flosculi dilute purpurei. orolle fil. 2cm. fil. 3 0-15em. long. Achenia valde cruda circa 0-075 a ng.
To be compared with S. gomphrenoides O. Hoffm., a species I have not seen, which is described as possessing shorter leaves, biseriate bracts of the glocadrides the outer series differing in shape from the inner, bracts of the three-leaved inyolucres with a long
ares and corollas of the female florets widened at base and
De “Ran d’s specimen, gathered in 1898, was not described, -“ it was undesirable to dissect the only glomerule the specimen ars.
Helichrysum (CHRYSOLEPIDEA § aan Rogersii, sp. nov. Planta ses denso albo-araneoso vestita, caule sat cili lignoso sursum ramoso races folioso, tokiin' parvis sessilibus
grac lineari-oblongis apice a6 Gbtusis haud mucronatis nequaquam decur- erate margine revolutis ramulorum apicem attingentibus, capitulis parvis subsessilibus campanulato-cylindricis Lon 15-17- onculeaaer in glomerulum densiusculum ramulos nantem necnon a foliis ultimis aliquanto imminutis plea etoe digestis, involucri 4-serialis glabri my llis is eh ob- tusis vel acutiusculis haud radiantibus um citrinis interioribus uam reliqua paullo brevioribus, anther sande: simplicibus, achzeniis earn cylindricis glabris, pappi ee scabridis albis. Hab. Port Alfred, Cape Colony; Rev. F. A. Rogers, 944. Planta saltem spithamea, Folia + 1- ic cm. Sy oa ios 0-3 cm. lat., summa cirea 0-5 em. eee: Glomeruli circa 1 . Capitula 0°5 cm. long., 0°35 em. lat. Involueri ainle extima °35 cm. long., interiora 0-4 cm. long. olla em. long. Achenia pe 0-1 em. long ; pappus 0-35 cm. long. Near H. rutilans Nees, from which it differs among other points in the ines aad i leaves. ! pon stenopterw od. vi. 201, v: var. noy. A typo discrepat Yeidacnanadle ob Slit Bll pen nec aurea. Hab. Mazoe; F. Eyles, 363. “A lax straggling herb amongst dense undergrowth on the edge of marsh jungle.” | validis a rhodesiana, sp. nov. Herbacea ramis v: crebro ai scabriuscule puberulis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis
7
42 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
margine longe vel brevius albo-ciliatis, receptaculo convexo, radii flosculis circa 15, achzeniis anguste turbinatis setosis, pappi squamis 10 lanceolatis exterioribus obtusis vel acutis vel breviter aristatis _ interioribus longius aristatis
Hab. Rhodesia, Maaco; F. abe "sag Melsetter, in short grass near Chirinda; C. F’. M. Swynnerton, 490.
Planta monente cl. Swynnerton circa fit diametro tandem swpe fere ee —s 6:0-9:0 em. long., 0°8-1'5 em lat., in sieco viridia. Glo li 2:0-4:0 cm. di m. Involucrum 1
long. rom G. pubescens S. Moore this is to be ——- by the absence of pubescence, the long leaves g green, and the
r
the
Mazoe plant, the latter having narrower leaves, the glomerules
smaller, and the pappus-scales somewhat shorter, the outer ones never being aristate so far as seen
Coreopsis » Sp. nov. Glebe caule erecto quadrangu-
lari longitrorsum suleato sursum ramoso, foliis sessilibus bipinna-
tifidis segmentis primi ordinis ambitu lanceolatis acutis secundi
terlora ovato-oblong ition chartacea ma: eequan- tibus leviterve excedentibus, Pons 8 cc. vel aes -ovatis apice bidentatis subintegrisv: lurinervibus, achzeniis exalatis ob-
gis faciebus marginibusque breviter appresse setulosis aristis 2 ee brevibus rigidis.
Hab. Mazoe, Bernheim Hill; F’. Eyles, 266.
Folia inforions 6:0-9-0 cm. long., summa gradatim imminuta, rhachis inferne 0°15 em. superne 0-4-0-5 cm. lat. ; se imi
enta prim. . ord. 2-0-4-0 em. long., secundi + 0-7 cm. long. Cdecietantl
adusque 10-0 vel etiam 12-0 em. long., interdum vero brevior, sepe
bracteis linearibus 1-0-2-0 em. long. sparsissime onusta. Capitula
pansa circa 4‘0 cm. diam. Involueri basi pilosi phylla exteriora 1-0- : ; 4
lat. Receptaculi palere oblongse, obtuse, 0-6.em. long. Ligule vix 2-0 em. “meee Disci floseulorum coroll 0-6 cm. long. - Acheenia vix matura, 0°55 x SUF em., griseo-fusca, horum ariste 0-1 em. long.
ete Fe ee et eee ten ch ee et
Sree ily Ce el we aie ane Ee Bea ae Psd ee
ALABASTRA DIVERSA ~ 43
Known by the: yates +3 ee together with’ a lobing
of cre leaf and the invo
r. Eyles notes i as common among tall grass.
= Guizotia Eylesii, sp. n Semimetralis caule erecto quad- rangulari ptisiotriate Salic: “‘foliis sessilibus lineari- pret ee obtusis coriaceis supra glabris nitidulisque subtus leviter scabrius- culis margine paullo revoluto scabridis necnon calloso-denticulatis, capitulis in cyma sat elongata paucicephala raribracteata hispi- dula digestis, pedunculis propriis capitula equantibus vel excedenti- bus vel ab iis superatis piloso-hispidis, involucri phyllis exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis foliaceis dorso appresse hispidulis mar- gine rigide ciliatis interioribus oblongo-ovatis acutis dorso hispi- dulis, ligulis circa 10 bene exsertis, acheniis tetragonis glabris
Hab. Mazoe, in marsh; F. Eyles, 349, Folia 7-0-11:0 x 0-7-1°3 em., bial brevissime connata, juniora 5:0 ¢
diminuta in Biantod transgressa. mee een
long., sepe equidem ebibeetacr Stik ex +1:5cm.long. Pedun culi proprii solemniter ong. Involucri phylla exteriora 1:0 x 0-2 cm., interiora 06 ¢ em. long., phylla omnia 5-nervia Raoaptanili paleze ign breviter acuminate, margine ciliolate, perspicue trinerves, 0°5 cm. long. Ligule late oblonge apice 3-dentatz, 1:0 cm. long., $i; paullo magis ; dente sz 0-2 cm ae
Acheenia basin versus leviter nea: 0-2 em. lon ng.
n at first’ sight by its long and narrow, coriaceous, almost glabrous toa vok and the involucres. > Cineraria mazoensis, sp ers _aaggomeartaae a perennis, caule valido fere a tant mis ascendentibus gracilibus crebro foliosis iiwlecening das olaheae “foliis put reniformi-cordatis 5-6-lobatis sinubis rotun \dis vel subrotun lobis dentatis vel dentato- lobulatis supra | laxe araneosis mox ga
enhmanan
araneoso + 1)
Sheen radiatis circa 40-flosculosis Heese 8 au doapate paucicephalis relapse intipoad pobert Tiepouitis involucri molt campanulati le leviter araneosi bye 13 ophuee acutis
ph peue
iene oabeila tis, ligulis 8 ex involucro plane sininentibue luteis, acheniis compressis margine breviter ciliatis, pappi setis tis achzenia plus quam duplo superantibus scabriusculis
Hab. Mazoe, Iron-mask Hill; F. Eyles, 345. ‘
_ Folia summum 3:0 x 3°5 cm., solemniter 90-25 x 25-30 cm.,
fac. sup. in sicco viridia ; petioli graciles, araneosi, 2°0-2°5 cm. long., juxta medium appendicibus 2 integris dentatisve onusti, horum
multo minores, juniores + 0-25 em. long., indivis, n ealyculi phyla transeuntes. Involucrum 0°5 cm.-long., sub apice totidem diam. Ligule anguste ovato-oblo me 3-denticulat
,
44 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
0:3 em. long. Disci floseulorum even * : em. long. Achenia (nondum matura) 0-15 cm., pappus 0 ong.
Near C. erodioides DC. and. C. Searioaies DC., but differing from pb in the lobing of the leaves, the involucres, number of ligules,
(To be continued.)
CRITICAL STUDY or RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. var. y. By Freperic N. Wiuuiams, F.L.S. (Concluded from p. 22.)
Lusus ‘MACRANTHUS. —Petala calycem duplo superantia. Sta- mina 9-
This is a ‘a large- flowered state, usually with more stamens. It is recorded from Switzerland, in the little mountain-lake above Zermatt called the Schwarz-see, at 2518 metres above sea-level ‘(Buser) ; on the Dovre-fjeld, amt of Trondhjem, Northern Norway (Lindeberg); and in Swedish Lappland, at Stromds near Pited
, ing the most robust and the reais Filo and 0g Savoie pelties A (“ lutulentus’ uf Renae ng an intermediate position. Songeon and Perrier sa ing in their
description about the degree of hairiness in the Sa eis plant, nor ner mes it, but in authentic specimens it is quite evident. s FuRCATUS. — Pedunculi apice fureati. Petala calyce a eet Stamina 8-10. Hab. Ala-Tau Mountains, in Russian Turkestan. I have seen any other examples of R. divaricatus with this sicdae Ha Var. us Sas
Folia bastra apie Pama Petala 4-5 mm. long. Stamina pistills breviora. Rep! ix minima Loti 1 mm. long., subglo
Fl. de Fra
r sieng XVii. "536 “ aB84) the earliest name, but not ess to the present variety, as the character of “natans” applies to all forms of the two tome: dealt with in this paper.
Ha n, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Afghanistan (Grifith), and eter elsewhere. The specimens from North- west India ( fe or) referred to this Meet! by Mr. W. P. Hiern, seem o belong rather the common form of R. Bitariaitule ‘with paleo: ee iene like the plant from Hanle, in the Rupshu district of th e Ladakh province of mir, menti tioned in Hooker’s Fl. ss Ind. i. 16. In the locality near
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 45
Sion where Rion gathered the original specimens the plant has ee ae disappeared or been destroyed, but grows plentifully
ween Guercet and Charrat (Favre, 1883), and near Saillon and Siders (ex Gremli, Swiss Flora, p. 54, transl. Paileon, 1889)—all in the canton of Valai ais. In Herb. Kew. are aut entic specimens
and from pools at the Chateau Neuf near Sion, at 600 metres (ex herb. Joad); also examples gathered by Brunet (1861). The Transylvanian plant has pilose achenes, but Simonkai has seen in herb. ur an example from Nagy-Szeben, in the county of Szilagy, with glabrous achenes. In all Lagger’ s authentic speci- mens, including those mentioned above, the achenes are glabrous, but in the original description he does not state whether they are glabrous or pilose. In herb. Simonkai are Swiss examples with pilose achenes. In Joad’s examples in Herb. Kew. the plant beari l
fruit the achenes are quite glabrous. In Lower Austria it is found in lakes on the Nimmersatteiche, near Peldeberg a and below the Manhartsberg at 200 metres above sea-level (Dr. Wester- leithigen in Herb. Kew.,—achenes stiffly pilose, with leaves some- what darker). It is the R. circinatus of Baumgarten, Fuss, and
Go pehlan de amples “med stand. kortare in pist.” (with stamens shorter hate the pistils—which cannot apply to any other form).
Var. 4. Eee
Folia pedunculo ongiora, oT tea quam in forma communi laxius et flaccidius tines tis. Flores parvi. Stamina 15 vel pauciora, pistillis breviora. Carpella subgloboes, numero 40 haud excedentia, vix et obsolete rugulosa etiam in acheniis maturis, mucrone brevi instructa.
Syn.—R. ‘Aichoviontl Freyn in Bot. Centralbl. 1881, beil. n. 26 (ii) ~ * t. 1, fig. 2; et in Boiss. Fl. Orient. Suppl. 4 (1888).
t. In the oasis of Baharieh, in the Libyan Desert,
on (Ascherson exs. n. 1 in Herb. ar ‘ ema Tamieh in the Fayotim, 1879 arte n. Kew.), in the Nile elta at Kafr Hariwan B80 (Schweinfurth n n. 121 in Herb. Kew.) at Gassauin and near (Letourneuz). y allied to var. 3, which it seems to replace in Egypt weinturth’s n. 121 is labelled “‘ Réonii’’), but the leaves are fester! and the segments more loosely trifureate, and esos achenes in which also the tran ible.
These two varieties are distinguished from the others in having the stamens shorter than the pistils.
46 2) THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
. 5. SPHHROSPERMUS. Be “Foliis (uniformibus omnibus) in lacinulas (filiformes) breves Pegg eS
parentheses which are identical with those of the common form of £.divaricatus. From this it seems to be a connecting link with
vegetative characters. ~
Syn.—RF. spherospermus Boiss. et Blanche in Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. ser. 2, v. 6; R. aquatilis var. spherospermus Boiss. Fl. Orientalis, i. 23.
Blanche’s type-specimens (1847) are in Boissier’s herbarium at Chambézy, and were gathered in marshy places near the sea, on the coast of Syria between Alexandretta and Tripoli. A plant gathered near Damascus (Gaillardot n. 11 in
eaves 3—4 cm., flowers 2cm. across. There is also a plant in Herb.
8 Kew. (Forbes n. 17) from the valley of the river Echen Chai (plains
of Xanthus), in the vilayet of Aidin, near the town of Gunik, not far from the confines of the vilayet of Koniah, which looks more like spherospermus than anything else, but the specimen is some- what scrappy and badly dried. Mr. Hiern says that this variety ‘bears a resemblance to trichophyllus, but the stem is more succulent, the flowers are larger; and on longer and thicker peduncles, “fe the ag a more numerous: it also bears some
says the plant is common. In all these varieties the geographical details have had to be worked up and amplified from official survey- s and the specialized maps of military to The
the mark. The ordinary gazetteers
as Ritter’s Index, are rarely of much use, as they contain only the most common names; and, as in the case of Asia Minor, give no clue whatever to the ity of the Turkish, Frankish, and Latin equivalents of the different names applied to the same place. A still
: a 2
Pei gt tao i eae a A ae aE a ak
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 47
more irritating mode of geographical citation is that so frequently used in the Fl. Orientalis, where the location of streams and ham- lets in “ Phrygia” or ‘‘ Cappadocia’ conveys no information.
Var. 6. CABOMBOIDES.
A weak, Tp straggling plant, with — flaccid pre oe et form leaves like those of Cabomba aquatica, known only from Tasmania, where it grows among pebbles at the bottom of streams in a matted mass. Stamens many, and longer than the carpels, which are also numerous. For details of distribution, see in the
M
s it from Seid in Herb. Mus. Brit., should, however, be refe ar. Rioniz, which they more resemble in facies than the pasha: p Syn.— AR. hyrocharis var. cabomboides Hiern. Vax 7. TERREST ompactus, RON Folia mecnieninye longiora, laciniis haud abbreviatis, carnosis fereque cylin
Syn.—Ran ree aquatilis omnino saves J. Bauhin Hist. Plant. iii. 781, f. 2 (1651); R. Bawhini var. terrestris Tausch in Flora, xvii, 1. 526 (1834); R. Drouetit forma terrestris G.C. Druce, Fl. Berksh. 10 (1897).
Mr. Druce :—“This state occurred in a deep ditch near
Wytham in the dry summer of 1893. The upper leaves were succulent, but not more entire than is usual.” It is probably not uncommon, and to to state of the species may be refe’ specimens collected near Cong, in the county of Galway, in 1895 (EZ. S. Marshall, n. 1440 in Herb. Mus. Brit.
Having now summarized a differerit forms included in the species, it may be interesting here to give a translation of the original description of Tabern Siesta on which B#. divaricatus is founded :—*“ The third kind has a small thin and long root, like
the first henge rere Se "with many fibres at the end which are like a fly-swish, and from the root grow many oui or bent sew stems, which from below upwards send out many small branches, furnished on all sides with many mays leaves like those of Fennel or Dill. Between the branches and stems grow pretty white flowers, one ore on a slender stalk, very like the flower of the water liverw When these fall off or wither, — are seen Sn bated heads like those of crowfoot, in e seeds are inclosed. This plant, like the others, grows in ry places and pools.” In the figure, which accompanies the all st ee
as in &. t dager oo ore are longer than n the peduncles. In the much confus Schultz’s critical exsiccatz, n.404 and
48 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
n. 805, chiefly due to trying to adjust the involved descriptions instead of examining the actual specimens, the matter is at once cleared up by comparing the authentic examples in Herb. Kew. (distributed by Schultz). In n. 404, the leaves are shorter than the internodes and shorter than the peduncles, and all petiolate, and the plant is R. divaricatus. In “ R. Drouetii” of English authors the leaves are longer than the internodes. In n. 805 the leaves are
and Godron, who is unusually accurate, says that the peduncles are short but somewhat longer than the leaves. Schultz’s n. 1303 is also R. trichophyllus.
In English floras the plant first appears as a species distinct
indebted to Grenier and Godron’s Fl. de France. Babington had previously pointed out the different characters of the two species in a paper in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1855, p- 390, on the suggestions of Rev. W. W. Newbould made from observations on Cambridgeshire specimens of the two plants some time before (in 1846). There is every reason to believe that
collapse together, when the plant is withdrawn from the water As Mr. G. C. ce ‘Ri. Drouetti” in his Fl. Berkshire (p. 10)—*it would be rather curious to find that it is limited to the area of the Oxford and Kimmeridge Clays.” Again, in Middlesex the only chalk portions are two narrow strips in the extreme north-east and north-west of the county. Trimen and Dyer remark in their Flora— There seems, however, to be but one form [of the two species] in the county,” and as far as I have seen this is R. divaricatus ; certainly none of their specimens in Herb. Mus. Brit. belong to trichophyllus.
Iconography of g
woodcuts, there seem to be only three good plates of the common orm : einmann, Phytanthoza-Iconographia, ii. p. 198, t- 853, fig. e (1745); (2) Pe es Fl. Heft 67 (1835), “ R. ili tothria” ; gl. Botany Suppl. 2967 (Aug. peste R Drouetii,” drawn from a plant asthalad by Rev. W. W. uld at Comberton, in Cambridgeshire (and reproduced in
ed. 3). Of var. 4 a figure is given in reyn l.c,
II.—Ranvncuus TRICHOPHYLLUS Godron. Gren. et Godr. Fl. de France, i. p. 23 (Noy. 1847) ; Godron Fl. de Lorraine, ed. 2, i. p. 15 (1857); Boreaw Fl. Centr. France ed. 3, ii. p. 11 (1857); Lamotte Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. France, i.
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 49
p. 43 (1877); Willk. et Lange Prodr. Fi. marian Mi a YS toe Camus Cat. Pl. France, oa a Belgique, p. ee Fl. Wilts. p. 388 (1888) ; . Druce Fi. Bask 9 ( Halacsy sane. FI. Show - 5 12 (1900) : Bab, Man. Buk "Bee ed. 9, p. 6 (1904
Syn. —Batrachium trichophyllum Van den Bossche Soins Des Moul. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xx. p. 456 (1859); Dwmo in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. ii. p. 216 (1863) oon Consp. FL. earn 15 (1878) ; Corbiére Nouv. Fl. Normand. p. 20 (1 ough a paucistamineus var. rolsphoie Formanek in . Bot.
. 79 (1898).
specie priori notulis epics ae —Glaber vel in parte sae ped at 3-4 dem. Caulis sat vel mediocriter ramosus, plus minus elongatus, swpius precipds | in parte superiore hispidulus, Netiets paullum succulento-incrassatus. Folia in oe formis breviora, nigrescenti-viridia, inferiora plus min mediis petiolata, superiors sessilia, repetite arcteque trithroata,
internodia breviora, pate na fee, ; lacinie, extra aquam planta ablataé, manifeste Aivergentos subrigide, haud in eo . colla- bentes. Stipulee semi- nantes, obtuse
late aniguain | ikoa vel glabre.. Alabast Sap Fe i Pedunculi ut plurimum saltem sub eee foliis vewieee xel etiam equi-
longi, sepe 2-3 ctim.; fructiferi firmi sagem ge basin versus magis curyati. Flores ice 12-13 mm. in diam., interdum minores, spe paullum majores. Petala stabociiceie.. inferne
m paullum conica. taculum globosum. Carpella circiter 30, adhue viridia, sepius hi d mar. m
attenuata, =e compressa, basi apiceque attenuata; stylus sat longus angustus trigonus, apicem versus curvatus, basi trun- catus, in preoogenent pistilli marginis superioris (ergo a oram breviorem interiorem) insertus, stigmate multum angustius ovali (vel ellipsoideo) conspicue papilloso
Hab. SB gh The northern limit of the species is the river Jesjokka, in the: amt of Finmarken, Arctic Norway, near i junction with the rapid Karasjokka, lat. 69° 15’, at a station 319 metres above sea-level (J. M. Norm page Norges Arktiske Flora, i. [1894] 73)—forma carnosa. The northern limit of the typical ae is at Huso, on the West rane aie ee and Fraeno- in-Hammer, on a many-armed peninsula in lat. 68° 15’, in the amt of Sordid (J. M. Norman, l. ¢. ii. [1895] 39), In the latitude of the Arctic Circle the flowers are = opened by 22nd July. In ova it pro robabl y does not occur north of the Heine
me very near, but they may be states of R. diwaricatus. JournaL or Borany.—Vou. 46. [FEBRUARY, 1908) E
vo. Bot. Ga rden 1S09
50 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. de France, i. 67 (1893), unite the two species under the name of “ ne yllus,” and enumerate twelve forms, which may be disposed of as follows :—Godroni and radians should be referred to R. diversifolius (they are identical in characters and differ only in size, one is twice the size of the other) ; Drouetii is the type of R. divaricatus, in which should also be included the forms Martini, paucistamineus, lutulentus, and confer- voides ; trichophyllus is the type of the present ‘species; tricho-
ylloides and capillaceus are Hot distinguished from the last by any definite eens whatever; britannicus is stated not to include any French form, and the trifling differences alleged do not apply to the “English plant ; there remains therefore only the form filicaulis, which differs only very slightly from typical tricho- phyllus and includes Norman examples referred to in the nex paragraph.
Var. 1. COMMUNIS,
forma TYPICA: ut supra.
As far as the British Isles are ae ar both species were
treated as a combined unit in Watson’s Topographical Botany,
assign the countries rightly for either; and the same holds for Cybele Hibernica, ed. 2 (1898), where the two species are united. Among the English counties, R. trichophyllus has not yet been definitely reported from Cornwall, Nottinghamshire, and North- umberland. In Wales it has been only reported from two counties :—in Carnarvonshire, near the inlet of Liv. an-afon Aber, and reservoir on Great Orme’s Head (J. E. Griffith, Flora, p. 2; 1895), and in Glamorgan, on Llangenydd marshes and at Cowbridge (H. J. Riddelsdell, Flora, p. 5, in Journ. Bot. 1907, Suppl.). In Scotland, it extends north of the Caledonian Canal as far as the Orkney Islands. South of the Caledonian Canal it is recorded in nine counties a gape -shire (Scott Elliot, Flora, 1896), Kirkeud- a Array yrshire (P. Ewing, Glasgow Cat. Pl. 1899, p- 2), Lana ° (Brit. Assoc. Handb. 1901, p. 112), Stirlingshire (Dr. "Stirling ex 0% Ewing, Glasgow Cat. Pl. 1899, p . 2), Perthshire, where it ascends to 300 metres above the hamlet of Gordennehlock
' 47) om, 8. Dumbartonshire Sarre ex a Ewing, l.c.), Buteshire (W. Galt). umfries-shire, it ascends to 180 met Scott Lidice; Vides ob o metres at Capplegill (Se n Switzerland, it occurs at 2580 metres in a little mountain lake in the Sertig Valley, near the sulphur-baths of Clavadel, canton : scemannens (Overton ex Bull. Herb. Boiss. — p. 690). I know of no greater altitude for the species having been recorded, though I have searched through several geographical plait telists.
Forma Fiticautis Rowy et Fouc. Fl. de France, i. 69 (1893). Caulis filiformis. Folia 14-2 em. gre tie filiformes folia
Flores mediocres. n diam etala calyce duplo longiora.. Selo fir fruotu leviter ibleyada, breviter apiculata, rostello recurvato.
CRITICAL STUDY OF RANUNOULUS AQUATILIS L. VAR. y 51
_ Hab.—France: dunes of Barneville, in the Py, ontoteni of Manche (Corbiare, but not mentioned in his Nouv. Fl. Normand. of the following year ). A slender sea- eval form, Soiaah an may be looked for elsewher
Forma poticHoropa.—Pedunculi post anthesin recurvi, valde elongati, usque ad 10 cm. Petala late obovata, haud mox caduca sed fere persistentia, venis 7-9 reursa. Receptaculum fructiferum sat hispidum, ovoideo-globosum, pilis circiter 35.
yn.—h_ dolichopodus A. Kerner ap. Freyn in ere Ferdinand. Tirol. heft 35, p. 266 (1893); Fritsch, Sched. Austr. eh: viii. 26, n. 2908, cum tab.
I have seen examples of this form from Reschner lake in the mountain- distriet of the northern part of Tirol (Zimmeter), from
us
iq. ; ee t from the river Wandle in Surrey (J. T. Moggridge, 1866, in bibl. Kew.). This pretty little piece labelled “ F. trichophyllus a pagal bate with Freyn’s figure, a form similar in facies to R. cire
ise uTans.—Pedunculi foli uilongi, basin versus curvyati, sursum subrecti, — versus attenuati, fructiferi sub calyce reflexi. Flores nutantes
ab.—Sicily; near the roe hunting- Bes, V4 of Ficuzza, in the province of Palermo (Todaro FI. Sicul. exs.
Forma carnosa.—Planta pygmea. Folia ais pedunculo pet nar laciniis linearibus (non capillaribus) ea applanatis, apice tum aemecrs tum et sepius setulo destitu
Syn.—Batrachium confervoides var. carnosa 7 ML Norman, FI. Arctic. scram span
Hab.—Norway ; veral places in the amt of Finmarken, on the muddy banks a vivens and streams (the northern limit of the species, see above).
Forma NANA ———s in Bull. Herb. me 1904, p. 1175.— Planta pygmea, foliorum laciniis haud carn
ab.—Swi caaelasal: ; in the mud of Sot tine canton of Vaud, at Se metres above sea-level, in the district drained by the Sarin
Var ~ TERRESTRIS Godron in Gren. et Godr. F1. de France, i. p. 24. —In locis exsiccatis extra aquam crescens, compactus diminutus i aey. rel dense foliosus seepius omnino glaber. Caulis 5-10 cm., magis rectus. Folia internodio non breviora, laciniis rete tis feroque ¢ cylindricis. Flores minimi, tantum 3 mm. in diam. a 5-10. Carpella demum semper glabra. Sya: —R:. Sebbltions Thuill. (1799).
Hab.—Not uncommon in this and o' countries. On the muddy edge of a pond near Arborfield, in "Berkshire (G. C. 1893) ; in a nearly Oo careous soil near Chorlton, in
in : tioned in Mr. Bagnall’s Flora); Nairn (Rev. A. Ley); shingly shore of Lough Owel in West Meath (Rev. B.S. Mars rshall, 1895,
be ' THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
n. 1414, in Herb. Mus. Brit.); margin of a brook between Headcorn and Ashford, in. Kent (J. Stwart Mill, 1861, in Herb. ie Scattered records i in other countries inc clude—Anse in the depart ment of Rhéne, France (Seytre), Niederkirchen in the Palatinate of Bavaria (/ Schultz, n. 1203, a plant slightly different from the typical form, in the ‘stipules of the upper leaves being pole utre-Rhone, in Switzerland (Thomas), Jitomir in Russ eek on the edge of the salt lake of Ontigola, in Spain ( (Laneee & CREBRIOR.—Foliorum lacinis omnes lineari-capillacee ae ig Sala ut supra). Forma GERMANIcA.—Foliorum superi orum lacinize apicem versus sursum paullum dilatate. Pistilla primum pilosa Hab.—Westphalia, Brunswick, and Sea elsewhere (Werner). Iconography of the Species.—Var. 1, f. typica: Fl. Danica, fase. 40, p. 6. t. 2357 io aa equa var. phallandrijolie”™s Engl.
. Fl. exs. Austr.. Hung. viii. 26, n. 2908, cum tab. (1899). Var. 2, Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv. iii. 3 (1838), “AR. uatues y — homophyllus ” ; Godron, Essai Monogr. in Mém. Soe. Roy. Nancy, 1839, p. 23, £.-6 (1840), et Fl. de Lorraine, i. p. 15, t. 15 (ed. 1, 1843, ed. 2, 1857, ed. 3, 1861); Coss. et Germ., Atl. Fl. Paris, t. 2, £. 5 (1882). Tam afraid I cannot agree with Mr. F. A. Lees, Fl. W. Yorkshire
wD) plant of uncertain status, which best comes under R. diversifolins
Schrank certainly, but “ Drowetii”’ cannot be subordinated to it.
He writes: “I isp find plants of our northern streams and ponds, passing one yea r unchallenged by ‘authorities’ as Drouetii,
developing “i into indisputable restricted heterophyllus, oni
fan-like floating leaves and larger blooms. None who hav
watched the whe trichophyllus of the brackish stells by the sea in
on North Lincoln, and South Essex, through all their could mistake R. Drouetii for it.” But as Mr. Lees speaks
of gitese, oe with its “very small cee flower,” a some-.
what unusual state, Tam afraid there is some confusion of forms,
S$ a spec in Eels Dillen. ee The Di lewian Herbaria, 1907, p
. 80, b ruce): the earliest record in Rey. E. 8. Marshall's FU of Kent
D oe to R. 5 ice, not to this s
sect visitors to one or both cies—Parhydra a wila, Noisphita Marion: —— srg = — Dip dive
53
SOME LINCOLNSHIRE RUBI. By Rev. Aveustin Ley, M.A.
In October, ae the writer paid a brief visit to Lincoln,- and poor a portio of his time in visitin ng some of the woods and n lands niseeaih)b in short cycle rides from the city, with a view to sr dog re character of the bramble flora. Every- where he found an cted wealth of wii which, however, owing to the teas a his visit (the sea moreover, having been an early one), were in part ntrpongnisable and rae bei for collecting. This year an oppo ning to the ground, and he spent a pt in the county pe the height of the bramble season. The present short paper is the result. It is perhaps justified by the fact that Lineshanhits is to some extent virgin ground, so far as these plants are concerned, only seventeen species (excluding ambiguous names) having been previously recorded, so far as the writer knows. His thanks are ret ot ev. W. M. Rogers for much patient pre ores and me for an — 8? list of existing Lincoln writer’ In such i
Ro, ogers In dealing with so large a rine the following list makes, of course, no pretensions to completeness; it constitutes, in fact, only a first list. Of the two Watsonian vice-counties of South and North Lincoln, the spots visited fell mainly within the rest The locality chi efly worked in South Lincoln was an extens' woodland near Skellingthorpe, called Old Wood. This is the
h ote.—S. = South; N.=North. B. otanical Record Club es. * deno new record for the county or vice-county. Where no authority is quoted, the reco d on the writer of this paper; and where such
record is. given, the record was made in August,
ubus ideus L, South and North Lincoln, ee Bot. Abun-. dant throughout.
R. fissus Lindl. _*8. Norton Disney, 1904; Old Wood,
Skellingthorpe. N. Lees, B. R. C. Summary, 1878; Birehholt
54 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
and Keéwsholt, near Lincoln; Newball Wood, 1904; Lynwode
Warren, Market Rasen; w woods at the Blackhead Ponds, ‘Seay.
The most abundant of the Swberectt throughout the co
usual plant is the form with cordate-acuminate oa leafiet,
large flowers and fruit; but the typical plant also occurs.
; R. suberectus And. Rather rare. S. Herb. Mus. Brit.! Old Wood, Skellingthorpe, Fowler d Lees, B.R.C., 1878. __N. Brough- ton Wood, Fowler, B. R. C. ? incoln.
4 “plicatus W.& N. §. Old Wood, Skellingthorpe, 1904. N. College Wood, Apley. — Var. *hemistemon (P. J. Muell ?). 8. Old Wood, Skellingthorpe. N. Stainton Wood. Not always distinguishable from the type by any very definite line.
very curious ats apparently plicatus x hele oa in College Wood bearing large panicles of minute flowers in which the petals were very minute, nearly beak aroaay oibane ; stamens 0; styles
‘ “afiinis W.& N. - ixelude R. affinis, Lees, B. BR. C. Sum- mary, 1878. Rare; a only in a single station. N. Birchholt, near Lincoln, 1904, ru
fi. carpinafolins W.& Rather rare, and only seen in single bushes. *§S. Old Wood, one, one bush in the western hedge. NX LE, B. R. C. Summary, 1878. The right plant?
Near Market Rasen; one bush in a hedge. College and Great ake Woods, Apley ; single bushes.
88 ? ood ; Wrawby Moor; ’ 'Twigmoor Woods. Abundan throughout.
Hoe ngton W.&WN. Rare; once seen. S. Roadside near amnifolius W.&N. Rare? N. Lees, B.R.C. Summary,
re 8: Netioton and Moortown, near Caistor. “Scheutzii Lindeb. Rare; once seen. N. Newball Wood,
-_R. puleherrimus Neum. *8. Swinderby and § 4; y and Stapleford, 190 Old Wood, Skellingthorpe. N. Usselby, Lees! Birchholt t and other stations near Lincoln ; Wrawby Moor; Twigmoor Woods, &e. _ ae rag throughout. - Lindebergit P. J. Muell. §. Old Wood, Skellingthorpe, 1904, 1907. N. cs Bags Sipod Apley. Local. nt
resting extension of iia rare i i Te *“bracteatus : vg Bre abundant and sy spread than the type. S. Staple- ord Moor, 1904; rains. ge dington and Skellingthorpe Marke t Rasen; College
The most abundant and characteristic bramble of all these parts of Lincolnshire, both in south and
SOME LINCOLNSHIRE RUBI 55
north. Scotton Common; a form age the type in minia- ture. Probably the “RB. afinis W. & N.” recorded by Lees, B. R.C. Summary, 1878, is this plan ' Rf. villicaulis Koehl. subsp. ee Blox. Rare. N. Lees, ummary, 1878. Stainton Wood; once seen. — Subs . Old
age *yratus Focke. apaal? N. Hedges near Market Rasen. R. *thyrsoideus Wimm. Rare. S. “On the Fossway, six and a half miles south of Lincoln, ” Fisher! N. Wrawby Moor, abun- dantly; a form with the narrow leaves of R. candicans W., but not its Pe cle. isticanus Mere. S.and N. Fairly common throughout, but far bis abundant than in more southern counties.
*silvaticus W.& N. Rather common. S. re wee and Norton Disney, 1904; Old Wood, meen se ty N. all Wood, 1904; Cock Glades and ‘Spr 8 Wood, Apley; a | fori bearing a few acicles and glands on the stem.
R. *macrophyllus W. & N. Rare. Typical plant not seen. 8. Old Wood, Skellingthorpe. N. aa ty Wood. ‘“ &. macro- pha tine, south and north,” Lees, B. R. C. Summary, ak is probably R. umbrosus Auct. = R. puleherrimus Neum Sp. D Schleohtonda hii (W.). Not common. §8. Old d Wood, “Skelling. thorpe, 1904. N. Short Wood, Apley. aa *“pyramidalis Kalt. Rare; once seen. N. Newball Wood,
4
R. leucostachys Schleich. Not abundant. 8S. Norton Wood, Fowler & Lees, B. R.C., 1878! N. Nettleton Glen, Lees, B.R.C.; aay s Valley, Langworth ! Lynwode and North Wood, Mar- et
BR. mucronatus Blox. Rare. Old Wood, Ping N. Lees, B. R. C. Summary, 1878 Pe mucronailat
R. # Drojeri G. Jensen. Very ra 8. North Searle, 1893, Fisher !
R. *radula W. Generally distributed. $. Old Wood, Brora? lingthorpe, 1904, 1907. N. Kewsholt, Lincoln ; —— and College Woods, Apley. — Subsp. “echinatoides Rog. “Ss. Abundant throughout Old Wood, Skellingthorpe. N. Open senna near Scunthorpe; a form :
R. *echinatus Lindl. “Rather rare. §. Old Wood, Skelling- thorpe, 1904, 1907 ; Vo Fisher, 1906. N. Wood near Market Rasen ; Twigmoo. a
fi. *podophyllus 5 he ie Local. S. Stapleford Wood, 1904. N. Woods and Rater near Grasby, Limber, and
dance. . rosaceus W. & N. var. *hystria (W. & N.). Woods, frequent. S. Hartsholme, near Doddington, 1904; Old Wood, Skelling-
lege Wood, Apley, and other woods in
56 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
R. Kehleri W. & N. subsp. *dasyphyllus Rog. Generally dis- tributed, but not abundant. §S. Old Wood, Skellingthorpe, 1904, 1907 ; Woolsthorpe, Fisher, 1906. N. Woods on the chalk near Limber ; Twipnooe Woods near Brigg, &c.
R. dwmetorum W.& N. As a group of forms remarkably rare in all these parts of the county. The following are the only segregates seen: Var. *raduliformis Ley. Local. S. Hedge near Skellingthorpe village. N. Woods and hedges at rete lt a Grasby ; Elsham Carrs Wood.—Var. *diversifolius (Lindl.). and poorly developed. N. Newhall Wood, 1904; Great Wost Wood, Aple
Bi. corylifolis Sm. Very abundant as an aggregate species,
d not always easy to discriminate from R. ce The following segregates were observed: Mi “ sublustris (Lees). Rather rare, but well-marked. 8. Old Wood, Skellingthorpe, 1904, 1907. N. Birchholt, near Lincoln, 1904; Barnetby; Elsham
ood.—Vavr. ° ‘eyelophyllus (Lindeb.). Rather common, but not well-marked.
Balfouri: tanus Blox. Local. N. Near Market Rasen, Fowler, B. BR. C., 1879; woods near Grasby and Limber, on the chalk, very abundantly yactoig edge, Barnetby.
. cesius L. §. Bourn od, Fowler, B. R. C., 1879. N. Brough to on Wood, Pie. B. R. C., 1878. Very abundant throughout the county
saxatilis L. Vers ata N. Wood near Gainsborough, Lees, B. BR. C., 1873; C. C. B
a? oe TURRHA FROM UGANDA. By A. G. Bagsuaws, M.B., F.L.S., anp E. G. manic
formi, i Pree, capsula 5-loc , seminibus nigris arillo c nitis. Species adspectu ee Vogel Hook. fil. affinis differt staminibus in margine tubi seartinris in ejus dentibus sessilibus, laciniis rout ovariis fa aren
Bagshawe, no. 1042! Brit.
‘oro, Crater Lake, Toro, pe Herbert Tufnell! ‘Herb. Mus.
; i s: ‘ ; _
SHORT NOTES 57
Frutex + 2m. attingens: vel altior. Folia 9-0—11-0 cm. longa, 3:25-4:25 cm. lata, petiolus + 4mm. longus. Calyx + 2°56 mm. longus. Petala 16-17 mm. long., 4-5 mm. lata. Tubus stamineus 12-13 mm. Anthere 2 mm. longe. Stylus + 15 mm. jongas cum stigmate. — Rage 3°0-3°5 mm. longum. Semina + 6 mm longa, 2-5-3:0 m
This plant, althoagh allied to 7’. Vogelit, ag be placed in the section PAIN Oe because the anthers are situated on the margin of the tube. In the original dosaription a T. Vogelit, Hook. fil. Niger Fl. 253, the anthers are described as marginal, therefore it seems doubtful whether this species has been correctly placed.
A specimen epg by Mr. Dawe in Ankole, no. 489, may have to be referred h
In the field this pane was readily distinguished from 1’. Vogelit,
which was also collected, the shape, consistency, and colour of the petals being different
SHORT NOTES.
OCCIDENTALIS: A Co —In my article on Euphrasia —— ‘Gout. “Bot. 1907, 319), I stated that the new plant therein dese: as named a Dr. Vigurs, ‘ to
occidentalis Pugsley.” That statement was made in perfect good faith, but qatar study of the history of this handsome Fumitory has shown me that in so writing I unwittingly did a great injustice to my friend ay: a. WW. ee, peony stated, the facts are these: In 1898 Dr. Vigurs became aware of the existence of a Fumitory in the Newquay district which did not appear to him to fall under any described oir form, and specimens were for- warded to Mr. G. C. Druce, cha in turn sent them on to Herr Freyn (see Bot. Exchange Club ete 1904, 4); but beyond that nothing appears to have bg done. In June 1902, ra on a ur in nwall, mpany with Mr. E. G. Bak a SS one Ri found what ‘flaewaviia proved to be the same plait at Penza: re at Helston, and, to quote from a letter of his to me,
“we zed on the spot that we saw a s ritain. Bar arly the next year Mr. Pugsley, whose original work on Capreolate Fumitories is too well known and -2ppt reciated se need an encomium here, pene Ab a long and ing seri of investigations i in connection with the stranger, aa in 1904 he described and figured it in this Journal as a new s
nt. I believe I was the first to associate his name with the dis scovery, but, as I have already stated, my remarks: Wate based on a misapprehension.—F. Hammton Davey.
58 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Auten Pants NEAR Lonpoy.—In Journ. Bot. 1906, 396, I pub- lished a note under this heading. My friend Mr. Raine, of Hyéres, has asked me to give a list of certain interesting plants he found last August, on waste ground in the south of London, of all of which specimens have been seen by me, viz.:—Linum angustifoliwm Huds., Sydenham; ZL. perenne L. and Salvia verticillata L., waste
roadside near Eliot Bank ; Ornithopus sativus Brot. pro parte = roseus Dufour, Vicia peregrina L., V. varia Host, Caucalis dau- coides L. and Valerianella coronata DC., waste ground near Sydenham. I am not aware that V. coronata has been found in England before, and it is difficult to account for its appearance at Sydenham; the specimens were in good fruiting condition and are identical with those at l’Herbier Boissier near Geneva — H. THOMPSON.
LEPTODONTIUM GEMMASCENS Braithw.1n Herts.—On. Nov. 30th last I saw this rare Moss on the decaying thatch of an old summer- house in the grounds of Mr. H. Clinton Baker, at Bayfordbury, Herts. It was associated with two common species, Dicrano-
Surrey, Herts, Mid-west York, and Forfar, but has not yet been recorded from any locality outside Britain.—A. B. JACKSON.
petals which mark this Rose from its congeners. It will probably istricts; but it must be remem
i orm does not exhibit the size and luxuriance of leaf and fruit exhibited in the garden form: hence probably it has remained unrecognized.—Augustin Ley.
Saux HERBACEA L. IN CARMARTHENSHIRE. — While plant- hunting in company with Rev. C. H. Binstead and the late lamented Rey. W. R. Linton on the Carmarthenshire hills in July, 1906, I had the good fortune to come across this alpine species on one of the higher points of the cliff called “ ¥ fau sirgaer ” in fair quantity. Mr. H. H. t, of Llandovery, informs me that he subsequently found it at a second station on this precipice.— Avueustin Ley. : ee cd
x : ‘ i
Fe ME re ee me Aimee Meg bew SE gee
SHORT NOTES 59
Rusus mutasinis Genev. var. NaALDRETTI mihi (see p. 24).— The concurrence of Mr. Moyle Rogers in my view as to the distinctness of this plant as a variety worthy of name induces me to record more definitely its claims to that position. If the some- what doubtfully expressed note in the Report of the Watson Club (quoted in the last number of this Journal, p. 24) be inadequate to stand as publication, the present note will suffice for that purpose. JaMEs W. WuiteE.
PoTAMOGETON pret Willd. is Encnuanp.—In The Naturalist for January” Mr. hur Bennett records this ahs American species from the idet at Salterhebble Bridge, n Halifax, where it was found last year by Miss A. E. Vigurs, jus where the effluent from a cotton-mill enters the canal. This “the first authenticated cme of a Potamogeton being itis duced’ known to Mr. Benn
THE Fiora oF SuRREY. a I took over the work of com- piling a new Flora of Surrey, announced in this Journal for 1884, I nee thought that twenty-three years would elapse and the
still remain unpublished. At the time of taking it over I had 3 praaiioay no knowledge of what was entailed fi path an
time or opportunity we iitend to the Hterary work, especialy in the case of a metropolitan county for which the are so pages With regard to the out-door yor. I T bolieve that the county has probably been about as fully investigated as any aan Flora has oe written; the working det ‘of the distribu- tion of gett various species throughout all the districts has always
object ; such rarities or novelties as have been
ys he
be understood that the task w Mr. Salmon has Holy under- in While ee my many friends and cor- respondents for all their varied assistance in it only
) he past, to bespeak for Mr. Salmon the ap of all botanists who have any information - impart concerning Surrey botany, and to ask that all communications relating to the subject many. A ee Pilgrims’ Way, Reigate.— W. H.
WE greatly regret to announce the death, on Jan. 4, of the Rey. W. R. Linton, of whom a notice will appear in —— issue.
at:
60 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik. Von Dr. Ricuarp R. vy. WettsTEIN. Bad. ii, Th. 2. 8vo. pp. 161-394, mit 995 fig. in 165 Textabbildung. Leipzig u. Wien: Deuticke. 1907. Pt. 3. Mk.
THE present instalment of Professor Wettstein’s text-book A A
contains the first part of the account of the Angiosperms. About
the series Polycarpice of Dicotyledons. We cannot, however,
agree with Dr. Wettstein’s statement on p. 196 (first paragraph),
when he supports his argument as to the secondary position of Monocotyledons with the statement that the group contains no f imi imitiv
ever view we may take as to the position of the Helobi
biee. ; The author accepts the two great subclasses of Dicotyledons
HOw gene recognized, an earlier one—Choripetale, and an
ard present-day Gymnosperms
as derivative forms admit that it is in that division that must seek the transitional stage between Pterido hytes and arg | characters are the following: a woody habit,
llen-tube, and a relatively long interval between pollination and
fertilization. It is among the monochlamydeous series of Chort- di ~ ads oi aracters are found, and these are regarded as representing the more primitive types of the subclass. The
HANDBUCH DER SYSTEMATISCHEN BOTANIK 61
which is characterized by Sahar eT flowers with a well-
iat, corolla than as the stock from which the whole sub-
class Choripetale, and consequently the whole great class of Dico-
tyledo ons, has been derived. The author admits a relation between d t
Abies advanced pos pony the dicotyledonous series
y-.
The author then traces the evolution of the typical porogamic pollen-tube growth in Angiosperms from the primitive meth Cycads where the tube is not directly concerned with the transport of the male nucleus ; the chalazogamic stage i in Casuarina and ce tain inally, an attempt is made to derive the eae sect flower from that of the Gymnosperms. The simple unisexual flower of the Mono- chlamyde@ is assumed to have been pr from an inflorescence— thus the whorl of male flowers in Casuarina recalls on the one hand the wg of the small flowers in Ephedra, while on the other hand it i pppoe os that it has given rise to a simple monochlamydeous staminate flower, the bracts becoming the peri- anth and the axillary netic mugs flowers. becoming the stamens. This looks simple when viewed as a floral diagram, but does the sia ee es ocr ms the aide morphological difference os e whorl of axillary staminate flowers of Casuarina and
smple eucyclic flower which he derives — it? The pis-
tllate flower is derived from a union of a pair of carpels and the
eo t of the ee flower is raerelaria in such
inflorescence as occurs, e.g., in # ee where a more foie oat is surrounded by m alas flowers
The greater part of the book is, of course, devoted to the sys- tematic ag tine of the series and families, which is on the lines familiar to us in the German systems which have grown out of that of Eichler. The subject-matter, which is severely systematic,
ns. The eed = development of ‘this eta, through the Aizoacee. , BR.
62 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Der pes ig der Pflanzen. By Prof. J. Wimsner. Pp. 322, © Illustrations. Leipzig: Engelmann. 1907.
For many years practical men have paid more attention than bistuniokirt to the effect of light upon the whole life of a plant. horticulturist has long recognized that certain plants thrive best in shady spots, while others flourish only in well-lighted situa- tions. Foresters, too, have classified trees into tii -demanding,”
‘“shade-enduring’”’ (and even ‘“shade-demanding”’) species, and have appreciated the fact that in different ee the amount of light required by a species varies. Furthermore, gardeners have
spec practically appreciated that it is often necessary to grow tropical plants at higher temperatures in ee ee than in the tropics, ee because in o@ former the light is weaker than in the tte et in none these cases have we been justified in assuming that the aster is purely one of hear se for it is obvious that with variations in the intensity and duration of light
te or — German word the English equivalent ‘photic ration proposed, and since then Wiesner has suggested the term
ch he m tion of the full intensity of daylight which is falling upon a plant—and absolute photolepsy—by which he means its absolute intensi By ns of actual measurements
mea. al m the vague terms “ sunplant,”’ « i sharma ” and the like, are thus replaced by statistical information
es, i sg account of the illumination of argh photolepsy in rela-
foliation and to mycorhiza : the prec nt of green of leaves ; a physiological oe of Saco: : sera in relation to
With the caste output of new gee botanical science will be increasingly ee upon the e of igrrerteenree — of this kind. ae 3 t Ss free from ri qaeliie lengt
undancy that are so unf ch sharia Gertnat ak coe = ortunate a feature of cad
Percy Groom.
BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ETC. 63
WARMING-J OHANNSEN i der allgemeinen Botanik, Heraus- ager von E. P. Metnecke. Erster Teil. 8vo. Pp. 480, t. 4 Borntraeger, Berlin, 1 7.
German translation of the Danish text-book ss
Sime the fourth edition of which was published in 1901. Som delay has arisen in the issue of the work, the printing of which began in 1904; the first part now to hand ——— three- — of the whole, and the remainder is promised at once. It be hoped that there will be no further delay in the soenjietibn a the work, which at present breaks off in the middle of a chapter and lacks the very necessary index. When completed it promises to be
In point of size the book will be larger than the well-known and widely used Strasburger Lehrbuch der Botanik, but the Warming- Johannsen work corresponds only to abou t half of the other book ; that is to say, to the general portion as distinguished from the
the pla d.
Hence in the newer work we have a much more apt arae treat- ment of general morphology, cell-structure, general anatomy an physiology than was presented in the Bonn text-book edited by Dr. Strasburger. The treatment is clear, the illustrations are nume- rous and helpful, aod she book should prove of great value to students who need a somewhat fuller exposition of the facts of general botany. Of the twelve — into which the ——, matter falls, the first portion includes numbers 1 to 7 and part of section 8, that is to say, the general srice hese: cell-structure, anatomy and physiology, leaving for the second portion the re-
ainder section on reproduction, and sections ee relpetavey with inflorescence, flower, and pollination, fruit, and germination, an ecological chapter, and one on phylogeny.
A. B. R.
BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ée.
At the meeting of the Linnean Society on 19th wet paper by Dr. G. Archdall Reid ‘On pore and Sex”’ was read, of one the Boge is an abstract :—Species are ida paicrial nd
The oridsiine = plata that, speaking generally, variability is con- trolled and regulated by Natural Selection ; therefore variability : a a real :
spontaneous, as is proved by a mass of evidence afforded by human beings; Natural Selection builds solely on spontaneous variations. n n
ie re dominate over progressi ve variations. This tendency to retro- gression is very useful and has played an immense part in adapt-
ces in the mode of reproduction of sexual and non-sexual
64 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
- characters. The mode of reproduction of mutation tends to re- semble that of sexual characters; when conjugation occurs there is an appearance of alternative inheritance as — both sexual characters and mutations, but it is an appearance only.
and actual blending between the patent char one indi- vidual and the xg character of the other, thévatore ‘blending | is universal. This tendency, owing to the predominance and pre- potency of pagent characters, tends to cause a on cessation of selection, and this is the function of s Mr. A. B. Jackson ope gee to the Picesedings of the Hampshire Field Club a paper on the Moss Flora of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Mr. saiiba considers that a good deal remains to be done before the Moss Flora can be regarded as pepe ae 8 worked out, and observes that the New Forest, sithough a fav or students of flowering plants, has never boon =yokamatienlly explored for mosses and upati ics. In the list iven all geen ee including those of Mr. Dixon in this Journa 1 for 1898, are i ed, and numerous additions are made. sinter now pees for the county is over 270. Tue last number of the Icones Plantarum contains as usual a large number of interesting novelties, mostly from China. Mr. ream is, as “aust, the sient contributor; he describes as a
ee new) of Stauntonia. It might perhaps have been mnaithraeien
der S. chinensis DC. (which dates from Syst. i. 514 (1818) not
from Prodr. i. 96 aid ) that the type was sees by Staunton entl
an ey, W. specimens, as is ently the case, are ser pointe localized. Amo ong Mr. Hem satay" s other interesting new species are Sciaphila Clemense, Altingia gractlipes, four
ane of pees and Sabia gracilis ; Cordeauxia rt Hemsl. d Peglera capensis Bolus are figured and fully desc it is most satisfactory ‘g find that, though oly toni ur years lapsed since the publication of Dr. Jost’s Physiology (Vorlevinnes uber Pflanzen Physiologie. Jena: Fischer), a second _ edition is uired. The ew edition is similar to the _ old in size and general arrangement of contents; the only note- worthy change in the mode of subdivision of the subject con- sists In the linking together of “ Stoff-und Energie-wechsel” in
wechsel.” The text has been carefully and critically revised, and accounts of the more fundamental recent researches —<. g., those of the Cambridge p ts on Carbon are added. The relegation of the lists of authors cited to the end of the volume is in our opinion a mistake, and we would suggest that in the third edition these a should. be once again placed a t the ends of the chapters, and that, in addition, an al: sbetionk fs index of authors with subjects should be the general index.—F. K.
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65
THE LATE REV. W. R. LINTON.
(WITH ee.
in the October —_ 1869, he gave himself mainly eee. studies, in ya e had been well grounded at s His pron were kept within eure bounds—on ‘a cece, where
won cups in 1870 and 1871 in - oe greg Fours ; on the running ground, where more than one prize for long- distance races fell to his share, nite in the foe ouart a game at
tinued application, as proficient a scholar as in Greek or Latin. n had taken no great es in botany beyond accompanying his brother or the Rey. H. E. Fox (now Prebendary
oolite q Oxford. A prize offered at school led to a collection of land and freshwater shells, which was continued for years, and added to in — trave In 1874 Linton was ordained by the Bishop ch ne ‘? =
lectual side of clerical life appealed to rekg more bes ‘the pastoral. His strength lay in the study and exposition of Divinity and all Bib _ subjects, though in the more practical duties from which ould rather shrink he seems to have left his mark. The
66 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
good part of the summer holidays for ia years from
1874 was taken up with expeditions to the Swiss Alps, for moun- taineering rather than botanizing, in company usually with the
Rey. A. G. Girdlestone, author of a very entertaining book, The
High Alps without Guides. A ue ie fone were snatched by
the way, but the companionship was more productive of ascents
of peaks and passes and humorous episstied than of natural history . Lint
the whole time, and giving his ‘soetabi for the Sundays to three successive vicars. Part of a letter from the Rev. F. Glanvill, Vicar of St. Matthew’s, Bristol, speaks of his work and his influ- ence at the College :—‘“I had the privilege of being a pupil of the late Rev. W. R. Linton from April, 1877, to Easter, 1880, and
were parroat and truly models of ee His interpretations were always the common-sense s. He was strongly opposed to veaaiig into a text anything that could not fairly and squarely be deduced from it. At the weekly delivery by a senior man of a lecture or sermon in Hall, his criticisms were just but never un- kind; with perfect frankness he would indicate a weak point in a argument, and in private afterwards he would help a man to reconstruct i Unusually reserved in manner, he would go through a ae or football match and hardly utter a word rate than was necessary, and yet no one was keener on the game.” Mr. Glanvill goes on to speak of the real deep sympathy ond readiness to help that came out in private conference, and s that as time went on “his popularity with the students wal tae
Tt was during the ten years at the College that W. R. Linton took to by seni in earnest. His duties were so arranged that he
easily peer gor from town were explored in f ring the foundations of a large British herbari re
laid He joined the Botanical Exchange — (Distributor —
Edit eport, , 1899, and 1 s one 0
ditor o 1 original members of the Locality Record Club. The love of field botany grew upon him and gradually undermined his affection for mountaineering. break for one term in the routine of his life in Islington occurred in 1881. Late te in January he and the Rev. A. G. Girdle- stone started for Palestine, with the intention of exploring the
THE LATE REV. W. R. LINTON 67
country on foot, a novel mode of poem at that time for European visitors. The cli mate made great: difficulties for pe
trians, the heat at times — haart ene changing rapidly to chilling storms and heavy rains (which sometimes flooded their tent), making the country aay travelling, and the swollen un- bridged torrents impassable for the time on foot. The pluck and endurance of the travellers overcame all trials. Having visited
the snowy peak of Mt. Hermon, sy crossed the ranges of Lebanon. All their journeys, and what t observed, were graphically re- corded in full diary letters by Linton to his father, which abound in interesting references and identifications, in remarks on —- history and humorous incidents. No one could have been mu better prepared to appreciate the topography of the Holy aid new its history critically ; had got up a fair amount : Arabic,
enough to understand the Arabs they met with; was a keen ob- server, a listener and a thinker rather than a talker, as these graphic diaries show. He took sketches to illustrate future lectures ; shot a few birds, gathered a few land-shells, and collected a large number of specimens of plants to work out at home. The gathering of herbs struck the fancy of the Arabs, who named him the ‘Father of er ees ages,’ as they named his companion the “Father of Legs”!
In 1882 Linton bade farewell to the Swiss mountains, and British botany drew him to me ot gates ay wi most of the summers of the next fifteen In company with his brother
forward, and in the collection of meen plants generally. Braemar and Glen Shee, Clova and Killin were frequently made their headquarters, and the Moffat Hills, grat and the far north of
cotland were visited more than once. From this time onward
rapidly when the “ Linneza” was formed and he
Director for Britain. His botanical woliodtiie are being presented by his widow to the Liverpool Universit
In 1885 Ireland was visited for the sake of seeing and getting some of the endemic species, most of which were found, including the rare Inula salicina L. (Journ. Bot. 1886, p.18). One more visit to oe was made in 1895, when the a was spent with the late H. C. Levinge, at Knock Drin Castle, in the study of Rudi, Characea, &e.
he year 1886 was an eventful one in Linton’s life. He became cneneee in October to Miss Alice Shirley, eldest daughter of the late Professor Walter Waddington Shirley, of Oxford, to whom he was oe at Oxford in the following January. He Bend his his
Holloway, in ‘the late autumn of the same year; and ving accepted the Vicarage of ‘Shirley, near near Ashbourne, he made it his F2
68 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
home fortheremainder of his life. The previous summer holiday was
passed in the extreme north of Scotland, during which he gathered
his first new hawkweed, afterwards named by him H. orcadense. From the ein ag his first settling in Derbyshire the flora of
we county beca matter of interest. The country was ex- ored in ifforent directions and critical or doubtful plants were eratin into the garden to be watched. e companionship of
the Rev. W. H. rahi Ss was caging and much enjoyed. All this
about 1893, the compilation of the Flora of Derbyshire. For this purpose some of his summer holidays and occasional short visits were made to all parts of the county, his wife accompanying him at all such times. The experiment was made of dividing the unty, no river-basins but by geological Anon e s; and the book, published in 1903, is a witness to the unwearied diligence and critical ability, both in field-work and in asenitiie research, with which he accomplished his task. Finding the mosses had 0. a e
_ in none, he studied both these classes of plants, to good purpose as the records show. The Rubi were attacked in the first place with another object in view, viz. the Set of British Rubi, which he joined with three others in issuing, and to which he contributed his fair share, adding one new species, R. dwrescens, to the British list. The Set of British Willows and the Set of British Hieracia, both of which he shared in © atari 3 with his brother, followed in quick succession; the preparation for these had been going on for years, the garden at Shirley being used for growing and ob- serving scores, or even hundreds, of the hybrids of one genus and the critical forms of the other, while experiments were made in hybridization of Salices, and in the constancy of various Hzeracia species by raising crops of ings. The gathering of material for the later fascicles of the last- named Set led him to search the Yorkshire dales, the Lake Dis- trict, and some of the Welsh “ for os wkweeds, in company with the Rev. A. Ley; and these excursions revealed the oenere
tent to call H. murorum L. His last work of importance was to publish an Account of the British Hieracia, in which, after much res of poner igocene Sa treatises on the genus and Scandinavian
uch correspondence with Aman. H. Dahlstedt, he
benefit of many fellow-botanists, who have found that he would spare no trouble to let them share his knowledge in this perplex- ing genus. The Hieracium list in the new edition of the London Catalogue is from his pen; and it is no secret that he had
to continue, and was looking forward to carrying ak Mr. F. J. Hanbury’s long-mnterenpeet Monograph.
THE LATE REV. W. R. LINTON 69
The Rey. Augustin Ley, his frequent companion in recent years, contributes the ae sketch :—
“Im acquaintance wit . R. Linton first when staying with the. ate Rev. W. H. Purchas at Alstonfield in 1887 ; my earliest walk with him being that in which Hieracium holophyllwm
. Linton was discovered (Journ. Bot. 1890, p. vig Since then I have been with him in West Yorkshire in 1902, 3, and 4, on expeditions in the course of which we explored ae the neighbourhoods of Ingleton, Horton, Clapham, Kettlewell, and Arncliffe. In 1905 we were together in the English Lakes, and in 1906, for a short time, in West Breconshire; and in addition to these summer rambles, he has paid me numerous visits at my own home. id not know him in the earlier years, in which he
ull on n day after day in what —* have been an uninteresting
seed-plants of va ae Fe
2 p Pare r feature of his character =e his reliance upon science aa diodes o follow wherever the facts of Nature a ed to lead, and to publish these ys for the help and guidance of others, undeterred by those possibilities of error which cannot be postions eliminated, or by doubts how far others would commend or condemn the advance attempted, convinced that what was w eh being was worth knowing, and that its publica- tion would lead into fuller truth. He used to speak with admira- tion of the thorough mee in which eS ae botanists have nam: e still n cog and describing t d wealth of Hieractum ce s, and to ar the. opinion that it would be well for British botanists to do
“Thi his do age a joined with eonfideness in pact
Light, such as has transformed the study of British willows through his labours and those of one or two others, was begl to illumine the gloom of Hieracitum; we hope darkness will not
now settle down again ‘‘ Among personal traits, his equability of temper, joined with carelessness of personal comfort and of dress and appearance, was
ap’ very remarkable. Through years of ill-health and suffering I never remember him in any degree irritable or = out. I recollect
70 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
an inn in West Yorkshire at which we stayed for six days. The food was coarse and the cooking coarser; William Linton plodded through it without a word of complaint till we left for more com- fortable quarters. Then he said, ‘I could not have: stood that any longer.’ He persevered for years upon the dry, uninteresting
through much botanical work long after most men would have given up, and when ill-health forbade at ce, application of brain or eye.
‘“‘ He had a great distaste for the trivialities of ordinary society ; yet this was joined shiek real courtesy and a readiness to help others by lectures, &e., on any of the subjects—and they were many—of his special know vledge ; and with a fund of informing conversation and amusing anecdote, when one could reach it. deep, = the water at the bottom was abundant and refreshing.”
prominence has here been given chiefly to Linton’s Scan ‘with natural science, his power of methodical application to work was equally shown in the attention aver to other duties. He was a seeker after truth in more directions than one, not one to bend truth to his views. His wife ne ago was asked by a friend what his views were. ‘‘ Not labelled,” was her reply, and the retort much pleased him. His views were very clear, founded on sound scholarship and wide reading, but they were not those of a party. Another friend, his fellow- ‘tutor at the College from 1880, the Rev. S. Dyson, who spent each Easter with him at
- great tatecaet of a country walk with ai a the delight of his talk over plants or birds or ie geological formation of the country round. He goes on :—* He was also deeply read in those studies which belong to the clerical profession. Tt goes without saying -that he was familiar with his ogre Testament and had read the -latest and best Commentaries on its varied contents. He was also
piconet oar
In Shirley, the dosth of their vicar came as a great shock to the parishioners, as it did indeed to a much larger circle, fellow- botanists and others. He had been out of health for some few years, and his former sa was ewe aly al ss his saeipine
ing his imetity-one years’. ministry he had ons! the affection and
ALABASTRA DIVERSA , 71
respect of the pare and the scene et ™ anes) was mows lm
take a last look at Hh offin, the one remark heard on all sides was, ‘ We shall never see his like again.’ i.e, 22
ALABASTRA DIVERSA.—Part XVI. By Spencer LE M. Moors, B.Sc., F.L.S. New or Rare AFRICAN PLANTS. (Continued from p. 44.)
me a Lycium Eenii, sp. n Ramis angulatis glabris albo-corti- catis namulos breves fitenbes oe gignente, foliis sessilibus vel brevissime petiolatis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis apice leviter cuspidulatis i bee acutis basi ee binendtatie longe decurrentibus crassiusculis glabris, floribus 5-meris ex axillis ramulorum oriun- e ca u
plus quam duplo superante sursum
jobs 5 rotundato-ovatis obtusis tubo manifeste brevi oe , stami- nibus subinclusis, bacca ealyee leviter accrescente ¢ reumdata
ovoidea glabra pericarpio ase or seminibus numerosis. Hab. . Folia solemniter 1- 0-2-0 em. mate 0-6—1'2 cm. lat., costa cen- trali lata, in sicco lutescenti-viridia; petioli dum adsint 0-2 em. long. nunquam attingentes. Pedune ae seem summum 0-25 em.
long. Calyx sub flore circa 0-4 long. ; sore lobi 0°15 em. ; sub fructu 0°55 em . long. Co roll tubus 1-0 em. lon ng., ima basi 0-2 cm., faucibus 0-5 em. diam ; lobi cirea 0- 2 ¢ cm. long. Bacca
06 x 0: 45 em. Semina 0-2 x 0-175 m. Recognized at sight from the other oe African species by the broad leaves and sessile or subsessile flowers.
ScCROPHULARIACE2. Stemodiopsis Eylesii, sp. nov. Suffruticosa, sat prolixa, ramulis gracilibus sepe decumbentibus minute gonman gerne foliis parvulis spathulato-ovatis obtusis integris raro
denticulatis in petiolum comparate lo > og desinentibus ptrobiqas minute pubescentibus, floribus in axillis solitariis pedicellis a foliis_ superatis juxta medium bibracteo. latis suffultis, calycis minute : 1 corolle extus
ne ale obovato 2-lobo antico posticum equante palato intruso induto, staminum anticorum filamentis haud tortis, staminodio filiformi rostrata
_— breviter @ pul Hab. Mazoe,. diet ninak Hill; F. Bigs, 252.
72 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Foliorum limbus 0-5-1:0 em. long., 0:3-0°5 cm. lat., in sicco
olivaceus ; petioli beage alati, adusque 0-5 cm. long. Pe-
duneuli re 05 cm., minu sf jeep ye Bracteolz subulate,
0-1 cm. long. Flores abi alyx 0°3 em. long. Corolle tubus ; aan" Inbi
posticum 0:35 cm. long., hujus lobi - igulares, acutiusculi
dibccoatun a 0-175 cm. lo pas * = bi laterales sub- rotundati, 0-15 cm. long. Filamenta 0-2 cm. long.; anthere 0-075 cm. long. Seasiigeinin ‘lcm. rata anguste vidas, sursum attenuatum, 0-25 cm., stylus 0:25 em. long. Capsula 0-45-0°5 em. lon The genus, established by Dr. Engler in 1897 for a Somaliland plant, has recently been enlarged by Mr. 8. A. Skan to include two Nyassaland species, one of which Mr. Eyles himself recently dis- covered in the Matopo Hills (vide Journ. Bot. 1907, p. 87). Th plant described above comes nearest S. Rive Engl., differing from it in the entire pubescent leaves with more marked distinction between blade and stalk, the pubescent calyx, the distinctly bilobed upper lip of the corolla, the unequal lobes of bat lower ip, and the untwisted filaments of the anticous stamen Mr. He Sein notes that it is ‘sometimes loosely neiidank from cliff crevic ra Eylesii, sp. om Herba erecta fere metralis, caule sat valido pabtekoti scabrido superne ramuloso, ramulis gracilibus us scabridulis pruinosis ut caulis bene foliosis, foliis
obtusissimis, antheris brevissime apic tylo sursum subito dilatato, anguste ovoideo-oblonga acuta g zoe, Iron-mask Hill;
_ Caulis juxta solum 0:4 cm. diam. ; ramuli seepissime 0-1-0-2 diam. Folia inferiora 4-565 em. long., 0-7-1-0 cm. lat., saneia: nervo centrali subtus eminente; superiora 2°5-3°5 x "2 cm., summa imminuta et in bracteas transeuntia. toien leaclost fere 10:0 cm. long. Bractex circa 0-3 em. long., marginibus — Corolle vive tubus viridis, limbus albus. Calycis tubus 0°45 ¢ long., fere 0-2 cm. lat., longitrorsum costatus ; lobi 0-15 em. ete Corolle tubus intus pilosus, 1:0 cm. long.; limbus circa 0-7 cm. diam. ; lobi 0°35 x 0-3em. Stamina juxta medium tubum inserta ; ; anthers 0-15 em. long. Ovarium 0:15 em. long. Styli pars attenuata 0-075 cm. long., pars creat egre Ol cm. Capsula 0-6 em. long., vix 0°3 em. lat.
To ‘be inserted next B. Baumii B Engl. & Gilg. from which it. differs among other meri in its taller stem with scattered, very
ALABASTRA DIVERSA 73
cabrid leaves, the long and laxly flowered spikes, the narrow bites ts, the broader calyx with differently shaped lobes and the broader corolla-tube glabrous outside.
ACANTHACE.
Synnema (§ Hu-Synnema) Acinos, sp. nov. Caulibus e rhizomate corticato ascendentibus visitas gracilibus basi foliosis glanduloso-pilosis pubescentibus deinde puberulis, foliis onl sessilibus brevissimeve petiolatis lanceolatis obtusis vel obtu acutis glanduloso-piloso-pubescentibus, floribus in axillis sige rioribus 2—3-nis brevissime pedunculatis, bracteis calyce min- oribus lineari-lanceolatis acutis hispide ciliatis, calycis lobis inter se manifeste inzequalibus lobo postico ome lato-spathulato
longiorum filamentis inferne dilatatis, ovario puberulo, pees sub- incluso inferne piloso, stigmatis lobo postico subobsoleto Hab ne near Bu wate ee ;
membranacea, in sicco Bractee + 0-4 cm oe Flores nunc cyanei nunc albi. Calyeis lobus posticus 0-8-1-:0 em long., juxta medium 0:3 em. lat., deorsum ad 0-075 cm. subito
coartatus ; lobi reliqui 0-7-0°75 em. rice -, Summum 0°5 em. lat. Paras: tubus 0:55 em. long., basi 0°125 cm., faucibus fere 0-3 cm. diam. ; labium anticum 0-65 cm. long., superne 0-5 em. lat., hujus loi ShIsnporottin dati, Sbbastenisi 0°25 cm. long. ; labium posti-
‘55 cm. long., hujus lobi ovati, 0°075 cm. long. Staminum aaissorath filamenta 0°3 cm. long., posticorum vix 0-2 em. Ova- rium 0:15 cm., stylus 0°6 cm. long.
S. brevitubum Burkill is the only African species of § Hu- Synnema ; this differs from the plant under notice entirely in leaf and in corolla.
Disperma quadrisepalum C. B. Clarke VAR. GRANDIFOLIUM var. nov. Folia solemniter 7-0-12-0 x 2-0-3-5 em.
Hab. Mazoe, in sheltered valley near water ; That €. 513.
Mr. Eyles’s note tells us that this is a plant fro m 4-1 met. high. It is much larger in leaf aa the type and so at first sight appears not to be conspecific wi
Barleria (§ Ev-Baruerta) << rownii, sp. nov. Fruticosa, plus quam biorgyalis, espinosa novellis~piloso-pubescentib : — puberulis tandem glabris nodos aliquantulum
A obtusis spe breviter cuspidatis basi parum o' bia ae obtusis rarius leviter subrotundatis papyraceis glabratis, floribus
pedicellatis in cymis peeveior ex evils ape ote matis oriundis ita paniculam brevem et anguste thyrsoideam re-
74. THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
ferentibus dispositis, bracteis linearibus quam calyx seepissime brevioribus puberulis, calycis puberuli lobo antico postico sub-
ge verisimiliter cyanee tubo calycem plane excedente superne gradatim amplificato lobis late oblongis obtusissimis
Hab. Entebbe, Uganda Protectorate; E. Brown, 313. (Herbb. Mus. Brit. and Kew Folia 11-0-13-0 x 45-5-0 em., juniora circa 4:0-6:0 x 2:0- cm., summa vero adusque 1:5 ‘2 cm. imminuta, in sicco olivaceo- Bt eg subtus pallidiora, fac. sup. cystolithis sub lente nullo negotio aspectabilibus copi ao induta ; La tioli + em long., pu male Inflorescentia saltem 7-0 em. long., et corollis neglectis 0-25-0°3 em. diam. Bees 0-1-0:8 em. long. Pedicelli ‘1-0:2 cm. long. Calycis ape anticus 0°9 em., posticus 1:0 cm.
Filamenta crassiuscula, 4-5 cm. long., anther 0°3 cm.; staminodii oom 0:25 cm. long., anther 0:13 cm.; quinti rudimentum 0-12 cm. long., filamenta omnia basi dilatata Stylus circa 4:5 em. ile, . Stigma vix O-lem. Capsula apice “breviter umbo- nata, fusca.
The late Mr. Clarke left a note about this plant, indicating its affinity to B. grandis Hochst., and this is undoubtedly correct, but there are so many differences between the two as to render detailed comparison unnece aay
sticia (§ Brronic stead Fruticulosa, novellis puberulis nodisque albido- ath soe exceptis glabra, caule erecto anfracto subtereti sursum ramulos teneros ascen- dentes gignente, foliis sessilibus vetustioribus anguste lineari- lanceolatis obtusis junioribus filiformibus, bracteis lineari-lanceo- latis acuminatis basi trinervibus sursum nervo unico perspicuo ercursis puberulis in sicco dilute virescentibus, bracteolis brac-
5°5-7-5 em. Toei: ., Sursum 05 om a. costa apis utrinque prominens; folia filiformia solemniter 30-40 em. long., 0°1-
ALABASTRA DIVERSA 75
+ 1:5 em. long., 0-22 ¢ m. lat. Rate 0-8 em. long. C yx 0-6 cm. long. Gate extus pene intus prope staminum insertionem albide Piloso- inet ag rsum 0-25 em. sursum cm. diam. ; eae lan 0°5 em. long. ; pals lobi 0°3 em ee ong. Antherarum loculus sup. 0-1 em. ne a . 0°15 em., hujus calear vix 0'l em. long. Ovarium 0-225 ¢ on
This is easily distinguished from J. cheiranthifolia C. B. Clarke by its filiform upper leaves, short a ei and narrow bracts with only a single nerve in their upper pa
M hma terminale, sp. nov. Fruticosum, ramosum, ramulis ascendentibus ilibus rigidiusculis teretibus ultimis foliosis vetustioribus foliis casentilosan glanduloso-pubescentibus
u folii i i
bescentis tubo calycem equante faucibus dilatatis palato intruso labio postico ovato apice saiees preeern bidentato, ovario oblongo ovoideo minute sericeo, stylo inferne pilose, capsula
Komati- Poott, 600 ft.; Rev. F. A. Rogers, 893.
Folia 0:5-0-7 cm. long., summum 0-15 cm “tats in sicco aires Inflorescentia seepe perpauciflora et Jecinianilieos ores nonnun- quam solitarii. Bracteole vix 0-4em. long. Calycis lobi 0. 45 em. long., lobus posticus fere 0- 3 em. Conciin verisimiliter albz tubus
1 em. long., inf. fere 0:15 em., ss _ cm. long. exempto.
Ovarium 0-12 em. long. ; Ae 06 ¢ At first sight much like M. yi i C. B. Clarke, but ae has a 4-lobed not 5-lobed calyx with strongly ciliate lobes, and so is assigned to another part of the genus. Its nearest affinity seem be with MW. arenicola C. B. Clarke, which = different clothing, longer lanceolate acute leaves, linear bracteoles, &c. e genus, which is tolerably abundant in wen mn Germ
South-west Africa and in the western parts of Cape Colony, is but poorly represented on the other side of the continent.
rae oe 1 terminalibusve 2-floris flore unico tae semper ?) crudo, bracteis parvis inter se ineequalibus ovatis breviter acuminatis trinervibus, bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis uninervibus floris crudi valde redactis, cis lobis inter se i is anguste lineari- lanceolatis ppc vel subaristatis, corollze tubo bracteas —
‘ .
76 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
equante stricte cylindrico extus puberulo labiis quam tubus longi- oribus anguste ovato-oblongis antico breviter tridentato postico integro, filamentis labiis Soe brevioribus antheris superpositis ee ne min vee bident a age & G. Een. Folia m. (raro 3:0 cm.) long., 0°6—-1°5 em. lat., utrinque secteets iia instructa ; petioli + 0°-4 cm. long. Pedunculi
irid : : lobi 0-6—0°7 cm. log’ ie Lier, cm. lat. Corolle tubus 0:8 cm.
anther 0-1 em. lon ng. Ovarium 0:1 cm. long.; stylus puberulus, 1:5 cm. long. Capsule valve oblonge, puberule, 0-65 cm. long. Semina 0: hg x 0-2 em., levia, castanea.
Kno m D. maculata Neds chiefly by the small —— the laxly ee es spikelets, and the shape of the small bract
[CorrEction.—Pentanisia ee (vide p. 38) is — the plant described under that e being Gieophoré scabra Z Mr. Britten drew my attention ie this mistake, the result ee an error of observation with regard to the position of the ovule in the cells.}
SPARTINA TOWNSENDIL* By Orto Starr, Ph.D., F.LS.
invited to sees the subject from the scientific point of view. Having during the last few months paid a number of visits to various points on the Hampshire coast — in te Isle of Wight
to study the question in the field, I pro give here a pre- iminary sketch of the history of the Bi and the present extension of its area, adding at a short techni
paragraph for those who wink to make themselves familiar with the grass and the allied species which occur along with it.
hg Reprinte ted by permission from The Gardeners’ Chronicle, Jan. _ 1908, where the — is further illustrated gin two maps showing distribu og ie + See the article on ‘‘ Mudbinding Grasses’ in Kew Bulletin, 1907, a7.
SPARTINA TOWNSENDII 17 The grass which Lord Montagu had in view is Spartina eS a member of a genus numbering about eighteen species, s of America. With few w exceptions, they inhabit sea
marshes ad “ona foreshores, under favourable conditions cover-
SPARTINA STRICTA (3 natural size).
ing hundreds and even thousands of acres. Four species are known to oceur in Euro wo, S. juncea and S. alterniflora, were introduced from the Atlantic coast of America, probably during the first half of the last cen i . juncea is confined to the western basin of the Mediterranean
78 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
The other, S. alterniflora, was discovered by Loiseleur in the estuary of the River Adour near Bayonne in 1803, and then in 1829 by Borrer in the Itchen River near Southampton. A very com- plete account of it as it appeared there in 1836 was given by Bromfield.* It has since then spread to some distance north of Northam Bridge in the Itchen River and to the Southampton Water as far as the Titchfield River on the eastern, and from Hythe to Redbridge on the western bank and from there to Millbrook. In France the grass has extended its area over a coast line of about
extreme points of which are over fifty miles distant. It would be tedious to trace the advance in detail; a few instances may ce. In 1893 [Rey. E. F.] Linton found “several strong patches ” of it
lontagu ass _ there was no trace of it in the Beaulieu River ; now it predominates everywhere to beyond Buckler’s Hard, to quote from a manuscript report by Mr. J. F. Rayner, of * Bromfield in Hooker’s Companion to the B. tenical i pp- 254-263, partly reprinted in Kew Bulletin, 1.c. Ce eee
SPARTINA TOWNSENDII 719
Southampton, “not only fringing the water, but running along every dyke, filling every pool and invading the broad borders of
Spartina TowNSENpD!I (} natural size).
7
marshland,” and its advanced posts stand within half a mile of Beaulieu village. In 1895 and 1896, so Cosmo Melvill tells us,* there was none of the grass visible on the marshes and mudfiats
*. |Report Bot. Exch, Club for 1908, 47. }
80 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
between Hurst Castle, Milford, and Keyhaven; but in 1905 it was “plentiful and evidently rapidly increasing.” On the roadstead of Poole Harbour a single small clump was discovered by Mansel- Pleydell in 1899. Six years later Riddlesdell found it ‘‘ in some quantity” by the fever . at Poole, whereas Mr. W. J. God- dard describes it in a letter to Col. Prain, dated October 8 of last year, as ahd: in hundreds of big clumps all round the harbour on nearl dfiat.
To explain the sudden appearance of the grass three theories suggest themselves. It may, like S. alterniflora, have been intro-
of an dxeperiiel the more so as S. Neyrautii and S. Townsendit approach each us so closely that they sec nat ad we as -diatinss species if one wished to leave the theory of their hybrid origin out of consideration.
But another question, perhaps of more practical interest, presents itself. hat are the conditions that enable the grass to i a ho e
ispersa . | rene which float and would be carried about by the tides or
on the ard ks. grass does not seem to seed very oa although it flowers profusely ; but a few fertile clumps, as I have seen the r all give a good y. When the seeds
suppl Bosily ti under natural conditions, we do not yet cert
erica), which lie in the oe ath over a nee id sevice in the following spring. The seeds of these two grasses are remarkably similar, ante the grasses are not allied at all. They have a pee veloped embryo, which, in
S. i and bright green oughout, ineinding even “he oe scutellum, which Sheth oe the process of germination passes off very oral
and effectively. Once established, t bs anode ould soon grow
SPARTINA TOWNSENDII 81
into tufts with plenty of stolons radiating in all directions and
anchoring themselves in the mud by long thread-like roots, which descend vertically. So firm is their grip on the soft substratum
1, §. srricta.—Forming small tufts } to 14 feet high ; rhizomes and stolons wiry; culms with a succession of up to 15 tight,
2. S. TownseNDII.—Forming large clumps or beds 2-4 feet high ; rhizomes and stolons soft; culms with a succession of up to 10 or 12 somewhat soft sheaths, much increasing in length upwards, the lowest throwing off the blades; spikes usually 3-5, suberect, rigid, overtopping the leaves; spikelets about 83 lin. long, deli- cately pubescent; second glume 3-6-nerved, with 1 or 2 stouter side nerves, keeled, keel ending abruptly below the short hyaline tip.
3. §. ALTERNIFLORA.—Forming large clumps or beds 2-3 feet high ; rhizomes and stolons soft; culms with a succession of up to 8 or 9 soft and very smooth sheaths, not throwing off the blades, which gradually decay; spikes usually 5-7, suberect, slender, and often slightly flexuous, overtopped by the long drawn-out blades ; spikelets glabrous to the naked eye, 6-74 lin. long; second glume delicately 5-6-nerved, keeled to the very tip. :
JOURNAL oF Botany.—Vor. 46. [Marca, 1908.) @
82 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
COLPOMENIA SINUOSA IN BRITAIN. By A. D. Corton, F.L.S.
Durine the past two or three years the brown alga Colpo- menia sinuosa Derbes & Sol. has: been recorded for the first time
but which had not previously been found in Europe further north than om diz.. In the Gulf of Morbihan, and at Cherbourg, this alga now occurs in abundance, and is, moreover, causing con- siderable anxiety to the oyster- -cultivators, on account of the damage it occasions to their industry.
During 7 Colpomenia was discovered in two localities in Britain: at Torquay, by Mr. E. M. Holmes; and at Swanage, by the writer. At Torquay the plan t was pee Ap for ro most part sterile; after careful searching, however, Mr. Hol succeeded in finding fertile ae A fall. idee of “the appearance of Colpomenia in the English Channel, together with a of the plant and references to literature, will be found
e Kew Bulletin, 1908, No. 2.
The subject is brought before the notice of readers of thi Journal in the hope that further information may be obtained as to the presence of this alga on the south coast, = as to —
ence Si the Gulf Stream is sufficient to account for the luxuriant owth of a southern is but since the conditions of the English Channel appear to be so suitable, it is not easy to understand why an alga that has been khows from Cadiz for over a century should not have previously spread in a northerly direction, especially as the Portuguese coast receives th benefit Gulf Strea The manner of its arrival on the British shores i is equally obscure. If the alga is slowly s spreading up the Channel, currents may be largely responsible for its dispersal; on the other hand, it may have been introduced by vessels. It is possible also that Colpo- menia may have been conveyed to meee with ee oysters that ve a from France to be “ fattened” glish ure-grounds ; ape gos as to this Doig: a not yet to hand Any details as to its presence in other localities might do much towards prpeee up the question The French ostréiculteurs have given Colpomenia the name of Ballons,” from their frequently becoming detached from the sub- stratum and rising to the eure of the water. The “ Ballo are irregular in shape, and vary from the size of a marble to that of a tennis ball. Sauvageau accounts for the tendency to float as
CARMARTHENSHIRE PLANTS 83
but does not displace all the air which has entered during exposure, the result being that the alga becomes buoyant. At Vannes, where Col ia is found growing on the oyster-beds, the “ Ballons” frequently bring with them to the surface the young ei o* which they are attached; large numbers of these are thereby n sus om general appearance oR sinuosa resembles Leathesia difformis Aresch. ( = L. tuberiformis 8. F. Gray), with which it has often been confused. It may be seer rae from that plant by the thinner, wei eee Rear and by the struc- ture, which is cellular and not filamentous. Leathesia also is usually lobed, even when quite cores said possesses a resiliency which is cco in Col sons rece which ‘Colpomenia may be found are not accurately know It may occur more or less throughout the entire year, but reutlatiiiia is in full growth, at all events on the French coast, during March and April. The plant occurs as an epiphyte, usually immediately above the level of.low water, and is frequently found washed ashore.
The writer would be glad to learn of any fresh localities in which the alga may be detected, and would suggest to those who possess dried collections the possibility of Colpomenia having been put away as Leathesia.
CARMARTHENSHIRE PLANTS. By Artuur BENNETT.
Tus list of species for Carmarthenshire, yeaa es to those sneescet } in Topographical Botany, “i a 1883, has been drawn up ainly to record a series of specim sent ee ie (dee Knight, of Llandovery, during the sabiliontiias of the Supplement
in this Journal in 1905, but too late for inclusion therein. It is evident from recent records that Wales has a much richer — than was formerly supposed; while pani . the care resent problems not easy to solve. Among s are
and i | the French (normal), Spanish (D. Dedeana Boiss.), Italian o. Ber- toloniz Nyman), or % Sonne rman (D. Beckeri Kern.), forms considered
y on. inabe Botanists’ Guide (1805) fifteen species of plants only rded for Carmarthen; these are si sisaply soiabed. shSae Botanists’ Guide (1835), and no additions are made in sae @
84 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
ment thereto (1887). The records in Top. Bot. ed. 2, its Supple- ment, Mr. Barker’s list in his Natwral History of the county (1905), and Mr. "Knight? s additions, make the total number on record for the county about 845 species, exclusive of some species of Rubus. In t iB log peal: B. = Mr. Ba aed s Natural
ganshire. This county, with Brecon and Carmarthen, will event- ually be found to possess many subalpine ieaties that only come south in England as far as Yorkshire, North Wales of course excepted.
Clematis Vitalba L. Limestone —— hills west of Llandebie in great quantity, Ley, sont nt es eer 1884, 5.
Thalictrum dunense Dum. ae. H. L. Jones, R. C. Rep. 1876, 7 —T. SI ee Wallr. ceaslantich, Llangadock, B
Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. Near Kidwally, with R. Baudotiu Godr., B.—R. peltatus Schrank. Journ. Bot. 1901, 344.
Trollius eur ope@us ‘a Fields by Gwydderig, above Llan dovery,
Frequent in the north-eastern part of Carmarthenshire, and ascends to 2000 ft. in Carmarthen Fan +Helleborus fetidus L. Hedge, Llandefeilog, B B.—H. viridis L Near Kidwally, B.; ‘found by Mr. Browne.”
Meconopsis cambrica Vig. By River Towy, near —— **T used to think this was an escape, but I think now it m really wild’ Dr. Salter, of Aberystwith, has seen this plant i in the upper part of the River Towy near Ystrad-ffin.” XK.
Berberis vulgaris L. pallies te
Papaver Lamottei Bor, Pendine, Jones, R. C. Rep. 1880, 52.
Subularia aquatica L. Journ. Bot. 1904, 114. Llynyfanfach, B.
Polygala oxyptera Reichb. Llandovery, K.—P. serpyllacea Weihe. Pendine, B.
Dianthus ernie ria L. Rocky slopes of poe Hill, Mrs. peng 2 im R. S Rep. 1876, 118. Very rare in Wales; “ extinct
th; an alien in a casa fide — — Glam 31; so there remains for Wales only the Carmarthen record. ; ’Cerastium quaternellum Fenzl. pared -omndichaae Mydd- ai, K. sp.
Stellaria nemorum L. Near Llandovery, K.sp. Sent also by Mr. Knight from River oe near sda aces Brecon, from which county it is a new record
Sagina apetala L. Streets of Llandovery, K. sp.—S. subulata Presl. —, K. sp.
na Dum. Banks of River Towy, B.—B. rupestris Druce. Cliffs at Pendine, Jones, R. C.
Hypericum quadratum Stokes. G Glynlin, Ley, R.C. Rep, 1884, 8. —H. humifusum L. Near Llandovery, K. sp.
Tilia cordata Mill. By Sawdde Fechan, near Gwynfir, K. sp.
CARMARTHENSHIRE PLANTS 85
Radiola op Roth. Roadside near Mams, K. sp.; also near Pendin Getiniun aia L. Llandovery, Godas Grove, K. Erodium moschatum. L’ se Dr. H. L. Jones, B—E. mari- temum L’ Heérit. Pendine Cliffs s,
: en Llandebie, and on cliff, Castle ieee Lew R. C. Rep. 1884, 8.
Melilotus officinalis Lam. Near Kidwelly, B
Trifokum subterraneum L. Pendine, B.—T. squamosum L. Near Carmarthen, K. ¢ B. sp.—T. striatum L. Pentrae Burrows,
. & B. sp.—tT. hybridum L. Once, near Cwmffrwd, 3.—
“+Coronilla varia L. he copes wild by the roadside between Carmarthen and Kidwelly,” 1906, K.¢ B.sp. In some places this ies seems to be becoming semi- ae ed.
Vicia tb L. Ferryside sandhills, B.
Prunus Cerasus L. Llandovery, K. sp—P. Padus L. Llan- dovery, K. sp.
. Spirea wine gensiie's L. Once, near Nawlybwla, B.—+tS. salici- folia L. Dr. Jones ex B.
Rubus saxatilis Gynfir. K. sp.
The following list of Carmarthen Rubi is — due to Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, who writes :—
“When the name of the locality is not followed by that of the collector, it is to be understood that Rev. A. Ley is the collector, and that his specimens have been seen and “ong apa by me. Where the collector's name occurs after the locality, I sible only for those cases in which collector’s name is followed by the sign!”
a ews L. Glynhir; Nant-mwyn, Ley. —R. logbe Lindl. Nant-mwyn; Bwlch-y-ffin.—R. suberectus Anders. Nant-melyn ; Dothre Glen; Glen Twrch—R. plicatus Wh. & N. Nant-mvgm —Var. hemistemon Talley, Ley.—Var. Bertramai G. Bra Nant- mwyn ; Glynhir.—R. Cariensis Genev. Glynhir.—R. Tindlsvass
: ; a
us Wh. & : debi Glynhir.—R. rhamnifolius Wh. & N. Glynhir.—R. Silwrum Ley. Head of Liwchwr Valley; Nant-mwyn.—R. Scheutzit Lindeb. Nant-mwyn, 1897.—R. dumnoniensis ee and herrimus Neum. Nant-m wyn; Glynhir r.—R. Selmeri Lind hk: ment’
he —R. gratus Fock ocke. Near endebios Ds Ley; Talley, Ley; Gl
hir.—R. Godroni Lec & Lam. (formerly R. rit tact Glynhi —Var. robustus ”. J. Muell ein al sath waives usticanus Mere. Llanddarog, oc hate SP onde —R. musroplegiiles Wh. & N. evarn. — Var. Alec btonbalii: ‘Whe. Glynhir (es
stachys Sm. reel Marshall, Glynhir, — a ;
folius Rogers. a ey Cwm Twrch ; x Styne: Nant Geletii ‘Frider. Gorm Tere.
86 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Var. curvideus Ley. Carreg Cennen; Glynhir.— Var. raduloides
. Ev Glynhir ; Llandebie; Cwm Gwdderig, Ley.—R. Borreri var. denta- rigs Glynhir— Rk. Babingtonii Bell Salt. Nant-mwyn. —
. Bloxamii Lees. Glynhir (var.).—R. scaber Wh. & N. Nant- on. ithyrsiger Bab. Glynhir.—R. rosaceus Wh. & N. Head of Towy Valley.— Var. hystrix Wh. & N. Gwdderig.—Var. infecundus Rogers. Carreg Cennen, Ley.—R. dasyphyllus Rogers. Glynhir; Nant-mwyn.—Var. semiglaber RB ogers. Cwm Twreh.— R. viridis Kalt. Nant-mwyn; Pont Gwdderig.—R. hirtus Wh. & By. (ap .)» Gweddrig.—Var. ferox Weihe. Glynhir—Var. britannicus Rogers. Nant-mwyn.—R. corylifolius Sm. (sp. ae Llandebie, Ley.—R. — L. Glynhir; Llandebie, Ley.—R. sax tiis L. Nant-melyn,
Foster uicrdalae Wall. On the lime = at Llangen- deirne, B. ex K.
Geum rivale L. Wet woods, Glynhir, Ley, R. C. Been, 1884, 9. Rare in the Towy Valley above Llandovery; frequent on 2 Old Red Sandstone, ‘acon to 2000 ft. on Carmarthen Fan
Alchemilla vulgaris L. er er Pohl (A. Sraietoll Schmidt). Journ. Bot. 1895, 111
*Pyrus saliots yme. Rocks at Correg ie Castle, Llan- dilo, K. sp., Ley R. C. Rep. 1884, 13. * Sg,
* Saxt fr Gwendraeth Valley, B.; bieaaovery K—S. hypnoides L. Lime-
Sedum rupestre L. and walls near Dan ig, &e., —S. Forsterianum Sm beatiais. Achen
Ep adnatum Griseb. H. L. Jones ex B
Circea alpina L. and intermedia Ehrh. Near Ystrad Fe we erectum Huds. Near bridge over Whityer end. near
gUarn
Pimpinella major Huds. H. L. Jones ex B.
Myrrhis odorata Scop.
tSambucus Ebulus L. Near ruins of Llandovery Castle; near
houses at Rhandirmoyn,
ubia gh ares L. Maritime rocks, Llanstephan, H. L. Jones, +Anaphalis margaritacea Benth. & Hook.f. On the hills, Cwm Sawdde Fechan, K.
Hieracium saxifragum Fr. Borimeles F. J. Hanb. —— Fan, Journ. Bot. 1902, 311.—H. hypocheroides §. Gibs. B sax
CARMARTHENSHIRE PLANTS 87
F. J. Hanb. Llyn-fan-fechan, 1899, 8, Ley, B. E. C. Rep. 1901, 637.—H. murorum L. (ex parte).—Var. Ee pear um ae Biver-
—Var. crebridens Dahlst. Carmarthen Fan, Ley, Williams, fe lc.
—H. sagi . val
Fanfechan Cliff, July 4th, 1905, Ley, B. HE. C. Rep. 1906, 175. H. sylwaticum Gouan var. lucidulum Williams. Llangadock-fawr, Williams, l.c. 137.—H. euprepres F. J. Hanb. Carmarthen Fan, Riddelsdell, Bs. Tos i Rep. ny 53.—H. ce: Uechtr.
—H. rigidwm fo ¢ var. corvettes F. J. e778 nb. Llyn- fan-
B.
Senecio viscosus L. Landovery in the stony bed of River Towy ; also the River Bran above Llandovery.
Matricaria Chamomilla L. Kidwelly ; Llandovery, 1907, K.— M. discoidea DC. Pendine — i a hood, K.
Arctium Newbouldu Ar. B “Llandovery, K. sp.—A. majus Bernh. Pendine, K. sp.
Lobelia Dortmanna L. Found by Lightfoot in Tally lakes, 1773, Journ. Bot. 1905, 307. ‘I believe this is now extinct, we €
i found i
it occurs in Brecon at 1750 ft. (K. sp.), in Glamorgan (T7vow sp.) and Monmouth (Ley sp.). It would — seemed more likely to have occurred in North than in South Wales. Its nearest habitat to Wales seems to be North-west York (alt. 2000-2200 ft.), but is very rare. “In Monmouth it is associated with Pyrus Aria and FP, rotundifolia, Sedum rupestre, Saxifraga hypnoides, Pyrola im onvallaria tite 5 gages officinale, and other more eicary limestone plants,” Ley, 7 J Primula veris L. ee shoe: apts -y-fan Fach, K. sp., grown at an altitude of about 2000 ft. Old Red Sandstone rocks form a semicircle, and nearly vertical ; the are always sheltered from
at 37, species oe at 4500 ft. (Hoke nhack.). These Carm axthent specimens are all veloped; one example has four heads of flowers. Carmarthen Van zGn on which this grows, is 2596 ft. high. littoralis Fr. Kidwelly oe B.
88 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Cuscuta Trifolit Bab. Llandovery, K.
Verbascum Blattaria L. Ferryside, B.
Linaria repens x vulgaris. Frequent about Llandovery, K.— : ‘ B
mosella aquatica L. Bishop’s Pond, B.
Veronica hybrida L. Cerreg Cennen, K. sp.
Utricularia vulgaris L. Near Kidwelly, Mr. Browne, B.
Mentha longifoua Huds. Llandovery, K.— M. piperita L. Stream-side near Llwchyr Head, H. L. Jones ex B.; Ley, R. C. Rep. 1884, 18.
Lamiwm amplexicaule L. On wall, Kidwelly. December, 1906, K.
B. aliz herbacea L. Carmarthen Fan; alt. 2250 ft., K.; first found by the Rey. A. Ley. This 1 is a larger form than the usual Scotch specimens. Tracing the plant a Wales; Brecon at 2850 ft. (J. Woods); Carnarvon, 2800 ft. (Ley); to West York- shire, 2300-2400 ft. (Lees) ; Canarian. 2500-2600 ft., lowest -
ate Bot. ed. 2, S75. ire Smithiana Willd. (s. wininalic x capre e ». Bot. l.¢ Neottia Nidus-avis Rich. Three bce near Llandovery, K. sp. Orchis latifolia L. Near Landov sp. = i albida R. Br. and H. Sivsilis R. Br. Near Llan- very, Inparis Loeseliit Rich. Gathered in the summer of 1897, and taken to Mr. Barker for identification, who found it the following year on the coast near nS In 1906 Mr. Knight gathered specimens from one locality, and saw it in two others in the hollows of the sand-hills about a quarter of a mile from the sea. t was associated with Orchis incarnata L., Epipactis palustris, iene Mentha hirsuta, Anagallis tenella, Carex glauca. On slightly higher ground close by were Linwm catharticum, Poten- tilla Anserina, Lotus corniculatus, Polygala serpyllacea, 2a A Blackstonsg, Salix repens, Carex arenaria, C. Goodenovii, and Ophio- glossum vulgatu Thes ots Fig bios iatg of Liparis and others from Clashokipaiahieel represe exactly the plant of the Friesian — (both German ad Dutch), oss = the dune specimens of he Dutch coast. have seen are 14 dm
o
This example has grown almost horizontally 2:5 em., while another from a depression has a nearly vertical extension = 6:15 em., with
CARMARTHENSHIRE PLANTS 89
intervals of 2:5 em. between the pseudo-bulbs. The growth of this species is discussed by Crépin in Bull. Acad. Bele: xviii. 102 (1865). . From the Glamorganshire station the Rev. H. J. Riddels- dell has sent me a list of forty-two species, growing with or near Liparis, In Norfolk I have listed forty- two species gene with it, and Mr. Fryer, in pe CE eighty species. Notes on the new stations of Liparis will be found in Trans. Norf. & Nor Nat. Soe. viii. 340 (1907). Polygonatum multiflorum All. Llandilo, K. sp. Rare
Wales, recorded by Mr. Griffith as a denizen in Anglesea, and iv
uth.
[Sezlla verna Huds. is so aor ae along the coasts of Anglesea, Carnarvonshire (and occurs in organ), Cardigan, Flint, and Merioneth, — it will surely be tgund in Carmarthen if sought early in the
lum Schamoprasum L. Near Llandilo, K.—A. oleraceum In a y field, Llanstephan, Mrs. Oakeshott, R. C. Rep. 1876, 131.
ager igs affine Schnizl. Llyn-y-fair-fach, Journ. Bot. 1901, 344, Mr. Riddelsdell “thinks the plant of this may be affine caitioe’ than minimum. I have affine egg arnarvon and Anglesea, but have not s t from South W
Bassndyeton) vipers Balb. dabyns fabe-tach; K. Rare in Wales Anglesea (Wilson in Herb. Edinb. !), Carnarvon!, Feabroke, ast Denbigh.
Zannichellia pedunenlates Reichenb. Penbrae Burrows, Kid- welly, K. sp.
Scirpus fluitans L. Llandov very, K.
Eriophorum Eitafotim Hoppe. Pont aa , Llangstock, K.
Carex disticha Huds. Field near Pembre
Milium effusum L. Moelpe Wood, eae Carmarthen, Bs} Llandovery,
Avena pubescens Huds. Carreg ptt? K.
Koeleria cristata Pers. Pendine Cliffs,
Glyceria plicata Fr. Llandovery, K.
Bromus arvensis Llandovery, K.
ie i aim tunbridgense Sm. Llandilo; rocks near Llan- §' e Asplenium lanceolatum Huds. Pendine, on cals by the sea,
a” Lastrea sghannety Presl. Gorsagoch, B. 102.—L. Thelypteris Bory, K. ee we Eearice> Woods, Glynhir, Ley, RB. C.
- Sp. Phagpteri Dane Fée. Upper ft Se Valley, B B—P. cal- Carn-yr-og K. sp.
The following species har erin, leicae tak thave of tis aria eee ana, — for
90 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(B. = British, E. = En sais a Lingua L. B.—Fumaria pallidiflora Jord. B.— Cardamine impatiens L. EH. — Hutchinsia petrea R. Br. E —Cerastium semidecandrum L. B.—E.—Sagina ciliata Fr. E.— Hypericum hirsutum L. B.—-E.—Myriophyllum spicatum L. B.— Epilobium rosewm Schreb. E.—Silaus flavescens Bernh. E.— Senecio erucifolius L. E.—Hieraciwm murorum L. pt. B.—Cen- nt . §-B.—
Se They represent the following Watsonian types nglish) :-—
ve acicularis R. a E.-B.—Schenus nigricans L. B.— Cladiwm jamaicense Crantz. B.—Bromus commutatus Schrad. B. Others that eae been found in from one to three counties :— Cryptogamma crispa R. Br. H.— Adiantum Capillus-Veneris
‘ leL. S—B. Mr. Barker* records forty Mosses and Hepatics, and Mr. Knight has a list of three hundred and seventy Mosses and a but beyond that there seem to be few records of Cryptoga:
PEMBROKESHIRE HEPATIC. By A. Brinkman.
Tue following is a list of the Hepatics, eighty in number, which I have noticed recently in Pembrokeshire. They are three localities—St. Ishmael’s, Prescelly, and Crymmych, which
may be described as follows (they are indicated in the list by the initials I, P, and C.):—St. Ishmael’s is a district on the north-west side of Milford Haven, comprising the parishes of St. Ishmael’s, Dale, Gasca St. Bride’s, Talbenny, Hasguard, thn Castle,
Robeston, and Herbrandston, Highest point, 267 ft., ranging
1 ach sea
rymmych is farthed east of ae mag nee around a station from Fael Trigan tc to Freni Fawr and
Riccia sorocarpa Bisch. I. onocephalum conicum Dum. I. Lunularia cruciata Dum. I. Marchantia polymorpha L. I. Aneura pinguis Dum. C. ef maf Dili: z
* Natural History of Carmarthenshire, 1905, 1175.
PEMBROKESHIRE HEPATIC 91
Metzgeria furcata Lindb. I., and var. eruginosa Hook. I.—M. conjugata Lindb. I.
Pellia endiviafoia Dum. I.—P. epiphylla Dum. I.
Blasia pusilla L. OC.
Fossombronia pusilla Dum. I.
Gymnomitrium crenulatum re zi
Marsupella srt ben Dum. P., C., and var. minor Carr. C.
Nardia tiaet Gray. P,, C., I.—N. hyalina Carr. P.—N,. obovata Carr.
Aplozia eailin Dum. P.,IL., and var. gracillima (Sm.). L— A. riparia Dum, C.—A. pumila D um.
Lophozia Baise Howe. P.; var. laca Nees. P.—L. ventri- cosa Dum. P., I—L. excisa Dum. I.—L. Floerkii Schiffn. :: —L. gracilis Steph. P.
Plagiochila spinulosa Dum. P., 1.—P. asplenioides Dum. L.; var. major Nees. I.; var. Dillendi Tayl. I.; var. hwmilis Lindb. I.; var. heterophylla Nees.
hocolea bidentata Dum. I.—L. cuspidata Limpr. —L. spicata Tayl. I—L. heterophylla Dum. I.—L. alata Mitt, i
Chiloscyphus polyanthos Corda. P., I Be a pallescens Nees.
Saccogyna viticulosa Dum. _I..
Cephalozia bicuspidata Dum. P., C., I.—C. Lammersiana Spruce. P.—C. Francisct ae Xe
rani iets Turnert Schiffn. . 1.
Cepha la byssacea Warnst. P., I—C. bifida Schiffn. 1. —C. ellulifora Schiffn. I—C. ccimprichii Warnst. I.
Ka chomanis Gra ray. I—K. Sprengelii Pears. I— K. arguia Lindb. I.
Lepidozia reptans Dum. C.
Ptilidium ciliare Hampe. P.
Trichocolea tomentella Dum. penby+,
Diplophy gHoee albicans Dan PC.
Scapania compacta Dum. fe Pincilis Kaa Py G, Ji S. nemorosa Dum. P., I.; var. Gariies Jensen. P.— S. purpur- ascens Tayl. P., C.—S. undulata Dum. P., C., Ls paludosa and var. vogesiaca C. Mull. C.—S. trrigua ua Dum. ©.—S. curta
Radula complanata Dum. I.
Madotheca levigata Dum. I. a platyphylla Dum. I.
Cololejeunea minutissima Schiffn. I.
Lejeunea ye Lindb.. L.; ae heterophylla Carr. I.— L. patens Somme me ar :
oe ackawt Gra:
nia Tamarisct a L—¥F. microphylla Pears. atta
F. F. frailifotia Tayl. I.—F. germana Tayl. L—F. di
os levis L. I.—A. punctatus L. I.
Someone ed
92 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY
SHORT NOTES.
Ku RYALE EUROPHA. —In Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amster-
We now find that earlier in the same yea DE C. eber described a quite different new species of the same genus under the same specific name, his specimens having been obtained in an interglacial deposit in the province Kalugo, south of Moscow (see Berich. ag seg Bot. Gesellsch. Band xxv, Heft 3. 23rd April, 1907). As Dr. Weber’s species has priority, we substitute the name EuRYALE LiMBURGENSIS for our Tegelen fossil—C. & E. M. Rei.
CEcoLocy or Monts Fontana L. (Journ. Bot. 1907, 211, 282, 306, Si West and Mr. Thompson _ a oral say that ; S pro call Ma
books of reference a so is geben ‘described as :—a arsh, a swamp, a marshy place, a swampy place; if the weed © bog ” has any other cryptic or obscure meaning I am ignorant of it, and would be happy to ed enlightened. I agree with Miss Armitage in that I have never seen Montia fontana growing _ a sphagnum bog, but then a sphagnum bog is a particular kind o , and as such,-if meant, would naturally have been eters luded to in my note (p. 211). May I quote some references ? :—1 AST azion marsh in Cornwall,” Withering, Nat. — ed. 5
ii. p. . gy un the
gate.” - Leighton, Fl. Shropshire, 1841, p. 507... 3.-* Bogs s and wet sandy places,” Pryor, Fl. Herts, 1887, p. 168. * Boggy ground on hoddethack heath, ” Skepper, FL ‘Suffolk, 1866, p. 30. }. “In wet boggy places,” Dickinson, Fl. Liverpool, 1851, p. 54. 6. ‘ Marshy spots,” {Bane} Irish Flora, 1833, p.27. 7. “Swamps.” W. R. Linton, Fl. Derbyshire, 1903, p. 86. Miss Armitage’s list (p. 306) of localities in which Montia grows is oe She also seems to have found it in bogs :—‘ in a bog, not on sphagnum, g Denbighshire, 900 ft.” I might quote other localities :— 1. “This plant and Veronica Beceabwnga are troublesome weeds in Md gardens in Donegal,” Hart, Fl. Donegal, 1898, p. 132. o n damp sandy ground, moist fallows, ete.” Bromfield, FI. Vooknnede 1856, p. 183. 3. “ Springs, watery lanes, wet ploughed lands. Wet heaths in Norfolk,” Withering, L.c.. 4. * Dam , marshy heaths, streams and ditches,” Bagnall, Fl. Warwickshire, 1891, p. 41. [have not,- however, found Montia in such localities on the Quantock Hills, and it was ond to this district ats my note (p. 211) eS —L. A. RILEY
93
NOTICE OF BOOK.
Comparative Electro-Phystology ; a Physico-Physiological Study. By Jacapis Caunper Bose. Pp. 760. With Illustrations. Longmans, Green & Co. 1907. Price 15s.
To review this work in the sense of giving a critical, detailed pow
e and Pfeffer will mean no more to them than Theophrastus or Albertus Magnus mean to us. According to Professor Bose, the modern view of stimulus is rifle” m i
plant of radiant energy in photosynthesis as a solar myth, since he asks, If plants do not derive energy from stimuli, whence do they get it ?